توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

سنجش تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان ایذه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تاب‌آوری اجتماعی به شبکه‌ای از روابط، اعتماد، همبستگی و همکاری درون جامعه اشاره دارد و سنجش آن در مناطق چندمخاطره‌ای می‌تواند مبنایی برای ارتقای ظرفیت جوامع در مراحل مختلف مدیریت بحران باشد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، سنجش تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در پهنه پرخطر شهرستان ایذه است؛ در این راستا، تحلیل خطرپذیری چند مخاطره‌ای شامل زمین‌لرزه، سیلاب و زمین‌لغزش به‌عنوان مرحله مقدماتی برای شناسایی و انتخاب محدوده مطالعه انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و از نظر روش، ترکیبی دو مرحله‌ای است. در مرحله نخست، با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های مکانی و محیطی در محیط GIS و استفاده از تکنیک‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره، شاخص ترکیبی خطرپذیری برای دهستان‌های شهرستان ایذه محاسبه شد. در مرحله دوم، دهستان دارای بیشترین خطرپذیری به‌عنوان محدوده مطالعه انتخاب و تاب‌آوری اجتماعی آن با روش پیمایشی ارزیابی شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل خانوارهای دهستان هلایجان بود که از میان آن‌ها 342 خانوار با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری انتخاب شدند. داده‌های پرسشنامه با بهره‌گیری از آزمون t تک‌نمونه‌ای و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شدند. نتایج مرحله مکانی نشان داد دهستان هلایجان آسیب‌پذیرترین محدوده و دهستان حومه شرقی کم‌خطرترین منطقه در شهرستان ایذه است. نتایج مرحله پیمایشی نیز نشان داد شاخص‌های مشارکت، اعتماد، همبستگی، انسجام اجتماعی، احساس اثربخشی و کارایی، آگاهی، دانش و مهارت در سطحی پایین‌تر از میانگین قرار دارند، در حالی‌که حمایت اجتماعی و نگرش‌ها بالاتر از میانگین ارزیابی شدند. همچنین، میان اعتماد، احساس اثربخشی و کارایی، همبستگی و انسجام اجتماعی با مشارکت و حمایت اجتماعی رابطه مثبت و معناداری مشاهده شد و شاخص‌های آگاهی، دانش و نگرش نیز با مهارت‌ها رابطه مثبت و معنادار داشتند. در مجموع، یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که با وجود قرارگیری هلایجان در معرض خطر بالای چندمخاطره‌ای، سطح تاب‌آوری اجتماعی آن در برخی ابعاد کلیدی پایین است و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی، مشارکت و توانمندی‌های شناختی ـ مهارتی برای ارتقای تاب‌آوری این منطقه ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating Social Resilience to Natural Hazards (Case Study: Izeh County)

نویسندگان English

Seyed Jafar Hejazi‬ 1
Mahmood Arvin 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Ph.D in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Social resilience refers to the network of relationships, trust, cohesion, and cooperation within a community. Assessing this concept in multi-hazard areas can serve as a basis for enhancing community capacity across different stages of disaster management. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate social resilience in the high-risk zone of Izeh County. In this regard, a multi-hazard vulnerability analysis, including earthquakes, floods, and landslides, was conducted as a preliminary step to identify and delineate the study area. The present study is applied in nature and adopts a two-stage mixed-methods approach. In the first stage, using spatial and environmental data within a GIS environment and applying multi-criteria decision-making techniques, a composite vulnerability index was calculated for the rural districts of Izeh County. In the second stage, the most vulnerable rural district was selected as the study area, and its social resilience was assessed using a survey-based method. The study population consisted of households in Helaijan Rural District, of which 342 households were selected using a sampling method. Questionnaire data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the spatial analysis indicated that Helaijan Rural District was the most vulnerable area, while the Eastern Homa District was the least vulnerable region in Izeh County. The survey results also showed that the indicators of participation, trust, cohesion, social integration, perceived efficacy and effectiveness, awareness, knowledge, and skills were below the average level, whereas social support and attitudes were above the average. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was observed between trust, perceived efficacy and effectiveness, and social cohesion with participation and social support. In addition, awareness, knowledge, and attitudes were positively and significantly correlated with skills. Overall, the findings indicate that although Helaijan is exposed to a high level of multi-hazard risk, its social resilience remains low in several key dimensions. Therefore, strengthening social capital, participation, and cognitive–skill capacities is essential for enhancing the resilience of this region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hazards
Social Resilience
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Risk Management
Izeh
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