توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

بررسی تأثیر نابرابری جنسیتی و مشارکت نیروی کار بر تولید ناخالص سرانه و توسعه اقتصادی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
نوشین اصولی 1
افشین باغفلکی 2
1 گروه کشاورزی، واحد خرم‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خرم‌آباد، ایران
2 گروه اقتصاد، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران
10.22055/qjsd.2026.48022.2988
چکیده
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر نابرابری جنسیتی و مشارکت نیروی ‌کار بر تولید ناخالص سرانه و توسعه اقتصادی در ایران طی دوره 1400-1374 می‌باشد. داده‌ها برای کشور ایران در طول دوره مورد بررسی، از طریق مراجعه به وبسایت پایگاه‌های اطلاعات نشریات مرکز آمار و بانک مرکزی ایران و سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی کشور گردآوری شده است. برآورد اقتصادسنجی مدل‌ با استفاده از نرم‌‌افزار 13Eviews و با کمک آزمون‌های اقتصادسنجی صورت گرفت. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش به صورت علی ـ مقایسه‌ای می‌باشد. سپس تخمین مدل با استفاده از الگوی خودرگرسیون برداری با وقفه‌های توزیعی گستـرده ARDL انجـام گرفت و ضرایب بلندمدت و کوتاه‌مدت مدل محاسبه گردیدند. این مدل‌ شامل متغیرهایی نظیر شاخص‌های توسعه ‌اقتصادی، تشکیل سرمایه ‌ناخالص، شاخص نابرابری‌ جنسیتی و برابری‌ جنسیتی، نرخ مشارکت نیروی‌کار زنان و مردان، جمعیت و آزادسازی تجاری است. نتایج نشان داد در مدل کوتاه‌مدتARDL تمامی ضرایب در سطح 5% معنادار هستند. در کوتاه‌مدت تأثیر شاخص نابرابری‌ جنسیتی و نرخ مشارکت نیروی‌کار مردان بر توسعه اقتصادی منفی بوده ولی تأثیر تشکیل سرمایه ناخالص واقعی، برابری‌ جنسیتی، نرخ مشارکت نیروی‌کار زنان، جمعیت و آزادسازی تجاری بر توسعه اقتصادی مثبت بوده است. 95/1 سال طول می‌کشد که مدل از تعادل کوتاه‌مدت به بلندمدت برسد. در بلندمدت نابرابری جنسیتی و همچنین نرخ مشارکت نیروی کار مردان، جمعیت و آزادسازی تجاری بر تولید ناخالص سرانه در ایران تأثیر منفی داشت، اما نرخ مشارکت نیروی‌کار زنان بر تولید ناخالص سرانه و توسعه اقتصادی تأثیر مثبت دارد و با افزایش مشارکت زنان شاخص مذکور به‌عنوان یک شاخص از توسعه اقتصادی افزایش می‌یابد. بنابراین تلاش در جهت کاهش این نابرابری و افزایش مشارکت زنان در فعالیت‌های اقتصادی به معنی دست‌یابی به رشد اقتصادی بالاتر و به دنبال آن افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی و در نتیجه منجر به توسعه اقتصادی خواهد شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
توسعه اقتصادی ایران
تولید ناخالص سرانه
مشارکت نیروی کار
نابرابری جنسیتی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Gender Inequality and Labor Force Participation on GDP Per Capita and Economic Development in Iran

نویسندگان English

Nooshin Osooli 1
Afshin Baghfalaki 2
1 Department of Agriculture, Khor. C., Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Department of Economics, Ker. C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده English

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of gender inequality and labor force participation on per capita gross domestic product and economic development in Iran during the period of 1995-2021. The data for Iran, covering the period under study, were collected through accessing the publication databases of the Statistical Center of Iran, the Central Bank of Iran, and the Management and Planning Organization of Iran’s websites. The econometric estimation of the model was conducted using Eviews 13 software and employing econometric tests. The research method in this study is causal-comparative. Subsequently, the model was estimated using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach with extended distributed lags, and the long-run and short-run coefficients of the model were calculated. This model includes variables such as economic development indicators, gross capital formation, gender inequality and equality indices, female and male labor force participation rates, population, and trade liberalization. The results showed that in the short-run ARDL model, all coefficients were significant at the 5% level. In the short-run, the impact of the gender inequality index and male labor force participation rate on economic development was negative, while the impact of real gross capital formation, gender equality, female labor force participation rate, population, and trade liberalization was positive. It takes 1.95 years for the model to move from short-run to long-run equilibrium. In the long run, gender inequality, male labor force participation rate, population, and trade liberalization negatively impacted per capita GDP in Iran. However, the female labor force participation rate had a positive impact on per capita GDP and economic development; as women’s participation increases, this indicator, as a measure of economic development, also increases. Therefore, efforts to reduce this inequality and increase women’s participation in economic activities will lead to higher economic growth, increased GDP, and consequently, economic development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

GDP Per Capita
Gender Inequality
Iran's Economic Development
Labor Force Participation
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توسعه اجتماعی
دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 77
دوره 20، شماره 1، پاییز 1404
پاییز 1404
صفحه 287-312