Abdollah Khani, A. (2007). Soft War 3: Battle in the Information Age, Tehran: Abrar Contemporary International Studies and Research Institute, Tehran. (Persian).
Al-Tiaminia, R. (2017). “Discursive and Sociological Analysis of the Sacred Defense and Its Impact on Strengthening Solidarity, Unity and National Power”, Quarterly Journal of Islamic Revolution Research, 10(1), 9-35. doi: 20.1001.1.23222573.1400.10.1.1.1. (Persian).
Bagheri Chokami, S. (2016). The Fourth Wave of Soft War, Qom: Imam Sadeq Islamic Sciences Research Institute, Zamzam Hedayat Publications. (Persian).
Barker, Ch. (2016). Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.
Behaviour & Information Technology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2551578.
Bjorgul, L. K. (2021). Cognitive Warfare and the Use of Force. Stratagem.no.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Claverie, B.; & Du Cluzel, F. (2021). Innovation Hub: The Cognitive Warfare Concept, pp. 1-11.
Danyk, Y.; Briggs, Ch. M. (2023). “Modern Cognitive Operations and Hybrid Warfare”, Journal of Strategic Security 16, no. 1: 35-50. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.16.1.2032 Available at:
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol16/iss1/3.
Esmaeil Nejad, M.; Lotfi Dehkharagani, L. (2016). “A Study of the Cognitive Science Focus Group in the Media from the Perspective of Program Makers”, Journal of Media Management, No. 19, pp. 49-58. (Persian).
Firouzi, M.; & et. al. (2012). “Political Advertising Strategies in Social Media”, Media Culture Society, 11(44), 145-172. (Persian).
Goharpour Qale Roudkhani, M. (2012). Cognitive War and Its Consequences on the System of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Master's Thesis). Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch. (Persian).
Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. International Publishers.
Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). “How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability”, Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82.
Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Sage.
Hassanpour, H.; Hosseini, S. M. (2024). “Designing a two-process model of value cognitive warfare with an emotional approach in society”, Military Psychology, 15(2), 91-117. (Persian).
Hersch, W., & McLain, M. (2024). “Inside the gates: Cultivating cognitive security to defend the homeland”, Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, 7(4), 125.
Hersch, W., & McLain, M. (2024). “Inside the gates: Cultivating cognitive security to defend the homeland”, Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, 7(4), 125–147.
Houwer, J. D.; Holmes, D., & Barnes, Y. (2016). “What is Cognition? A Functional-Cognitive Perspective”, Ghent University, Belgium, pp. 1-28.
Huntington, S. P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Simon & Schuster
Iqdam Tafati, D.; Rezai Kaldeh, M. (2014). “Developing Strategies to Counter People-Centered Cognitive Warfare”, Defense Strategy, 22(85), 190-198.
Jahani, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of cognitive warfare on revolutionary identity with the mediating role of identity styles (Master's thesis). Payam Noor University, Kharameh Branch. (Persian).
Jansen, M., Meier, Y., & Kramer, N. C. (2025). “Seeing through the ad? An investigation of persuasion awareness, coping mechanisms, and credibility for targeted political advertisements”, Behaviour & Information Technology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2551578.
Jansen, M., Meier, Y., & Kramer, N. C. (2025). Seeing through the ad? An investigation of persuasion awareness, coping mechanisms, and credibility for targeted political advertisements.
Kia, A. A. (2012). Fundamentals of Communication, Propaganda and Persuasion: Tehran: Iran Newspaper Publications. (Persian).
Kozyreva, A., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2020). “Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools”, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 21(3), 103-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100620946707.
Kozyreva, A., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2020). “Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools”, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 21(3), 103-156.
Kuehl, D. (2002). Information Operations, Information Warfare, and Computer Network Attack: Their Relationship to National Security in the Information Age. National Defense University Press.
Lasswell, H. D. (1927). Propaganda Technique in the World War, New York: Peter Smith.
Lasswell, H. D. (1927). Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Mahdavi Nasab, H.; Farzamniya, N.; Azar, D. (2024). “Identifying and ranking strategies for improving media literacy of students of AJA officer universities in the face of cognitive warfare”, Quarterly Journal of Military Management, 24(96), 78-112. doi: 10.22034/iamu.2024.2024220.3025. (Persian).
Mc Quail, D., Blumer, J.G and Brown, J. (1972). The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective, in D. McQuail (ed), Sociology of Mass Communications. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Mc Quail, D., Blumer, J.G and Brown, J. (1972). The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective, in D. McQuail (ed), Sociology of Mass Communications. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16, 1-13.
O'Keefe, D. J. (2012). Persuasion: Theory and Research. Sage Publications.
Render, Barry, & Ralph Stair Jr. (1992). Introduction to Management Science. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, pp. 596-597.
Roustaei, M. R. (2023). Comparative study of the phenomenon of cognitive warfare in the government style of Shiite Imams and the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Master's thesis, Kharazmi University. (Persian).
Saldana, J. (2016). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (3rd ed.). Sage.
Samiee Isfahani, A. R., & Fathi Mozaffari, A. R. (2012). “Media Strategies and Solutions that Create the Groundwork in Facing Soft War”, Basij Strategic Studies, (57), 79-116. (Persian).
Shafiei, F.; Ghasemzadeh, H. (2012). “A review of emerging approaches in the study of cognition”, Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry of Cognition, 7(6 [33]). (Persian).
Shahmohammadi, M.; Fatemi, S. D. (2024). “The Role of Cognitive Warfare in Social Crises in the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Cognitive Studies in Political Studies, 1(1), 76-105. doi: 10.20241403/CRPS.2408.1005.1.1.3. (Persian).
Sharif Kazemi, A. (2022). Cognitive Warfare of the West and the Islamic Republic of Iran, (Master's Thesis), Shahid Beheshti University. (Persian).
Solomon, M. R. (2009). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being. Pearson Education.
Sultanifar, M. Khanzadeh, L. (2013). “Media Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Opportunities”, Challenges, Pathology and Strategies). Culture-Communication Studies, 14(22). (Persian).
Tajik, M. R. (2008). “A Study of the Media and Crisis in the Age of Hyperreality”, Journal of Political Science, (13), pp. 53-60. (Persian).
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). “The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.)”, Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall. (Persian).
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Zahedi, M. S. and Ruhollah Haghshenas, (2013). “Investigating the approach of cognitive sciences in the study of religion”, Journal of Philosophy of Religion, No. 22, pp. 145 to 162. (Persian).
