توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

گفتمان توسعه در جنبش دانشجویی ایران (مطالعه موردی: دفتر تحکیم وحدت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا جامعه‌شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
هدف این مقاله بررسی گفتمان توسعه در جنبش دانشجویی و به‌طور مشخص دفتر تحکیم وحدت است. نظر به نقش تاریخی و ماهوی جنبش دانشجویی، بررسی گفتمانی آن در حوزه مفاهیم سرنوشت‌ساز مانند توسعه به‌عنوان یک کل منسجم، حائز اهمیت است. بررسی گفتمان‌ها از منظر انتقادی، امکان بررسی گفتمان از منظر نشانه‌شناختی قدرت و همچنین تغییرات گفتمانی بر بستر تغییرات سیاسی و اجتماعی سطح جامعه را فراهم می‌کند. مبتنی بر نظریه فرکلاف و دیدگاه انتقادی او و روش تلفیقی فرکلاف و موفه، بیانیه‌های و کنش‌ها و مصاحبه‌های افراد تأثیرگذار این دفتر، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. متون نمونه بر مبنای نمونه‌گیری شدت، سیاسی و نظری مشخص شدند و در سه سطح توصیف یا بررسی ویژگی‌های صوری متن، تفسیر یا بررسی گفتمان‌های حاضر در متن و استفاده از روش لاکلا و موف در خصوص مشخص ساختن برجسته‌سازی و حاشیه‌رانی، قابلیت دسترسی و هم‌ارزی‌های حاضر در متن و همچنین تبیین یا بررسی گفتمان‌های حاضر در متن با شرایط سیاسی و اجتماعی در جامعه؛ مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. تحلیل نتایج نشان می‌دهد گفتمان دفتر تحکیم را می‌توان در سه دوره دهه 60 تا اویل دهه 70، دهه 70 و دهه 80 تقسیم‌بندی کرد. در دوره اول رویکرد وابستگی به توسعه دیده می‌شود، عدم حضور دال توسعه چشمگیر است، ارزش محوری آن اسلام فقاهتی است و شکل مطلوب دولت، حکومت متعهد به اسلام است و مردم در قالب امت اسلامی دیده می‌شوند. دوره دوم، رویکرد سوسیال ‌دموکراسی به توسعه دیده می‌شود، توسعه سیاسی مورد تأکید است و ارزش محوری آن جامعه مدنی و قانون‌گرایی است و شکل مطلوب دولت در آن مردم‌سالاری دینی است و مردم به‌صورت شهروندان دارای حق نگریسته می‌شوند. دوره سوم، نگرش به توسعه با رویکرد لیبرالیسم قرابت دارد و توسعه فرهنگی و اجتماعی مورد تأکید است و ارزش محوری آن مقاومت مدنی و شکل مطلوب دولت، جمهوری‌ است. در این دوره مردم به‌عنوان شهروندانی دارای کنش تأثیرگذار در نظر گرفته می‌شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Discourse of Development in Iran's Student Movement (Case Study: Office of Tahkim-e Vahdat)

نویسندگان English

HODA DAVARY 1
Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh 2
Mahdi Kermani 2
Rohollah Eslami 3
1 PhD Student in Economic Sociology and Development, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

This article examines the discourse of development within the student movement, particularly the office of Tahakim Vahdat. Drawing on Fairclough’s critical discourse theory and a combined approach based on Fairclough and Mouffe, the statements, actions, and interviews of influential figures were analyzed through intensity, political, and theoretical sampling. The texts were examined at three levels: textual features, discourses within the texts, and their relationship with political and social conditions, focusing on processes of highlighting, marginalization, accessibility, and equivalence. The findings indicate three distinct periods: the 60s to the early 70s, the 70s, and the 80s. In the first, development was viewed through a dependency-oriented approach; Islamic jurisprudence was central, the desired government was committed to Islam, and people were conceptualized as the Islamic Ummah. In the second, a social-democratic approach emphasized political development, civil society, and the rule of law, with religious democracy as the desired government and people as rights-bearing citizens. In the third, the discourse shifted toward liberalism, emphasizing cultural and social development, civil resistance, and the republic, while conceptualizing people as active citizens.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Discourse Analysis
Development
Tahkim Vahdatt
Student Movement
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