توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

بررسی جامعه‌شناختی مواجهه افراد با پدیده ریزگردها در شهرستان ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمد امیرپناهی 1
نهال نفیسی 2
محسن گوهری 3
1 استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مطالعات فرهنگی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی فرهنگی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
10.22055/qjsd.2025.49115.3046
چکیده
ریزگردها تنها ذرات سرگردان در هوا نیستند؛ بلکه روایت‌هایی از بحران، نابرابری و مواجهه روزمره با زیستِ مخاطره‌آمیز را نیز در خود دارند. این پژوهش با رویکردی تفسیری ـ انتقادی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون نظری، به بررسی ابعاد مختلف بحران ریزگردها در شهرستان ایلام می‌پردازد. پژوهش حاضر، با تمرکز بر تجربه زیسته مردم و با ترکیب رهیافت‌های جامعه‌شناختی و محیط‌ زیستی، تأثیرات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی این پدیده را تحلیل کرده است. داده‌های این پژوهش از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختار یافته با ۲۲ نفر از ساکنان شهرستان ایلام گردآوری شده است که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و بر اساس بیشترین شدت تجربه مواجهه با مسأله انتخاب شده‌اند. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، چهار مضمون کلیدی را آشکار می‌سازد: «زیست مخاطره‌آمیز»، «چرخه مخرب محیط ‌زیستی ـ اقتصادی»، «سوء مدیریت ریزگردی» و «نابرابری و تهدید سرمایه اجتماعی». یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که ریزگردها نه ‌تنها سلامت جسمی و روانی افراد را تهدید کرده، بلکه موجب تغییر در الگوهای معیشتی، فرسایش سرمایه اجتماعی و تقویت احساس محرومیت شده‌اند. ناکارآمدی سیاست‌های محیط‌ زیستی و مدیریتی، فقدان راهکارهای مؤثر و بی‌تفاوتی نهادهای دولتی به این بحران، شهروندان را در موقعیتی ناپایدار قرار داده است که واکنش آن‌ها را از پذیرش انفعالی تا تمایل به مهاجرت در نوسان گذاشته است. در حالی ‌که ریزگردها از مرزهای جغرافیایی فراتر می‌روند، واکنش‌های مدیریتی به آن همچنان در حصار سیاست‌گذاری‌های ناکارآمد باقی مانده است. این پژوهش دریافته است که پدیده ریزگردها، فراتر از یک معضل محیط‌ زیستی، به‌مثابه بحرانی اجتماعی قد علم کرده که در لایه‌های زندگی روزمره جمعیت مورد مطالعه ریشه دوانده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ریزگردها
ایلام
مخاطره
زیست مخاطره‌آمیز
سرمایه اجتماعی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Sociological Analysis of People's Encounter with the Dust Storm Phenomenon in Ilam Township

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Amirpanahi 1
Nahal Nafisi 2
Mohsen Gohari 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Studies, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD Student, Cultural Sociology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Dust particles are not merely wandering entities in the air; they also carry narratives of crisis, inequality, and the daily confrontation with risky living conditions. This study employing an interpretive-critical approach and theoritical thematic analysis focuses on the lived experiences of the people in Ilam Township to interpret and describe the various dimensions of the dust crisis. By utilizing sociological and environmental perspectives, it examines the social, economic, and cultural impacts of this phenomenon. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 residents of Ilam County. The interviewees were selected using purposive sampling based on the highest intensity of experience in relation to the issue under investigation. The findings of the present study reveal four key themes: "hazardous living", "destructive environmental-economic cycle", "ineffective dust management”, and "social/environmental inequality and threat to social capital". The findings indicate that dust particles not only threaten physical and mental health but also lead to changes in livelihood patterns, erosion of social capital, and heightened feelings of deprivation. The inefficiency of environmental and managerial policies, the lack of effective solutions, and the indifference of governmental institutions have placed citizens in an unstable position, oscillating between passive acceptance and the desire to migrate. While dust particles transcend geographical boundaries, managerial responses remain confined to ineffective policies. This study concludes that the phenomenon of dust particles has emerged not merely as an environmental issue but as a social crisis deeply rooted in the daily lives of the studied population. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dust
Ilam
Risk
Hazardous Environment
Social Capital
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توسعه اجتماعی
دوره 20، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 79
دوره 20، شماره 3، بهار 1405
بهار 1405
صفحه 225-254