This study investigates the impact of connectedness to nature on pro-environmental behaviors among citizens over 15 years old in Isfahan, Iran, with a focus on the role of the Zayandehroud River as a context for nature interaction. Using a survey method with quota-cluster sampling, data were collected from 397 participants through a structured questionnaire comprising the Nature Relatedness Scale (Nisbet et al., 2009) and a researcher-developed pro-environmental behavior scale. Structural equation modeling revealed that connectedness to nature, encompassing experience, perspective, and self-relatedness subscales, significantly and positively influences protective behaviors such as recycling and energy conservation (γ=0.61, p<0.001), explaining 38% of the variance in behaviors. One-sample t-tests indicated frequent engagement in protective behaviors, but direct nature experiences were weaker, likely due to environmental constraints, particularly the drying of the Zayandehroud River. The theoretical framework integrates biophilia (Wilson, 1984), environmental psychology (Schultz, 2000), and interdependence theory (Davis et al., 2008), confirming the critical role of emotional and cognitive bonds with nature in fostering conservation behaviors. However, reduced access to the Zayandehroud moderates this effect. Recommendations include designing nature-based educational programs, revitalizing urban green spaces, and restoring the Zayandehroud’s flow. This study underscores the importance of local environmental contexts in shaping environmental policy and provides actionable strategies to promote responsible behaviors in Isfahan.