توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

دانش بومی و حکمرانی چندسطحی: الگویی برای توسعه ظرفیت‌های محلی در مدیریت پایدار منابع آب (مطالعه موردی: دشت قروه کردستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران
2 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش با بررسی بحران آب و مدیریت منابع آب در دشت قروهِ کردستان، به این پرسش محوری پاسخ می‌دهد که چگونه احیای دانش بومی می‌تواند به توسعه ظرفیت‌های محلی برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آب و کاهش بحران‌های آبی بیانجامد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، از راهبرد پایین ‌به ‌بالا بهره گرفته و چارچوب نظری خود را با تلفیق سه دیدگاه: ١- آرای چمبرز و شیوا در باب دانش بومی، ٢- نظریه حکمرانی چند سطحی استروم، 3- تحلیل سیاست محیط ‌زیستی انتقادیِ شلوسبرگ شکل داده‌ایم. داده‌ها از طریق ۱۷ مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته با کشاورزان و مطلعان کلیدی در سه بخش مرکزی، چهاردولی و سریش‌آبادِ شهرستان قروه گردآوری و با روش تحلیل محتوای روایی تفسیر شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد بحران آب در دو بُعد تضعیف ظرفیت بازتولید اکولوژیک و بحران بازتولید اجتماعی شکل گرفته است. حکمرانی ناکارآمد در قالب سیاست‌های ظرفیت‌سوز و عدالت‌گریز همراه با فرسایش سرمایه نهادی بومی این بحران را تشدید و دانش بومی را طرد کرده است. این وضعیت، دانش بومی را ـ که حاوی سازوکارهای انطباق با اقلیم منطقه و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی بومی است ـ در معرض نابودی قرار داده است. با این حال، راهبرد خروج از بحران، توسعه ظرفیت محلی از طریق سه‌گانه ۱- توانمندسازی نهادی و بازسازی حکمرانی چند سطحی (احیای شوراهای آب محلی و همکاری نهادی چندسطحی)؛ ۲- همزیستی دانش بومی و دانش رسمی؛ ۳- تاب‌آوری اقتصادی ـ زیستی از طریق کشاورزی تطبیقی می‌تواند باشد؛ بنابراین راه حل پایدار نه در بازگشت صرف به گذشته، بلکه در تلفیق هوشمندانه دنش بومی با حکمرانی چندسطحی نهفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Indigenous Knowledge and Multi-level Governance: A Model for Developing Local Capacities in Sustainable Water Resource Management (Case Study: Qorveh Plain, Kurdistan)

نویسندگان English

hossein daneshmehr 1
Osman Hedayat 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
2 Postdoctoral researcher at the University of Kurdistan, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan,
چکیده English

This study investigates the water crisis and water resource management in the Qorveh Plain in Kurdistan, addressing the central question of how the revitalization of indigenous knowledge can contribute to the development of local capacities for sustainable water resource management and the mitigation of water crises. To achieve this objective, a bottom-up strategy was employed, and the theoretical framework was developed by integrating three perspectives: 1) the views of Chambers and Shiva on indigenous knowledge; 2) Ostrom's theory of multi-level governance; 3) Schlosberg's critical environmental policy analysis. Data were collected through 17 semi-structured interviews with farmers and key informants in the Central, Chardoli, and Serishabad districts of Qorveh County and were interpreted using narrative content analysis. The findings indicate that the water crisis has manifested in two dimensions: the weakening of ecological reproduction capacity and the crisis of social reproduction. Ineffective governance, manifested through capacity-eroding and justice-averse policies, along with the erosion of indigenous institutional capital, has exacerbated this crisis and marginalized indigenous knowledge. This situation has exposed indigenous knowledge-which embodies adaptive mechanisms to the region's climate and indigenous social capital-to the risk of extinction. However, the strategy for overcoming the crisis lies in developing local capacity through a triad of: 1) institutional empowerment and the reconstruction of multi-level governance, 2) the coexistence of indigenous and formal knowledge; 3) economic-biological resilience through adaptive agriculture. Therefore, the sustainable solution lies not in a mere return to the past, but in the smart integration of indigenous knowledge with multi-level governance.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Narrative Content Analysis
Multi-level Governance
Indigenous Knowledge
Qorveh Plain
Local Capacities
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