توسعه اجتماعی

توسعه اجتماعی

بررسی موانع و ارائه مدل هویت خانوادگی کارآفرینی زنان: رویکرد گراندد تئوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی؛ اقتصادی و توسعه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کشور ایران از سویی با رشد قابل توجه عرضه نیروی کار جوان و از سوی دیگر با رشد ناچیز تقاضای نیروی کار مواجه ‌است. از سویی برای جبران عقب‌ماندگی‌های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشور، راهی جز فعال کردن سایر بخش‌های اقتصادی از طریق کارآفرینی و کارآفرینان نیست، اما با توجه به نوپایی کارآفرینی زنان، مشکلات اجتماعی زیادی وجود دارد. کارآفرینی زنان در ابعاد مختلفی بررسی شده اما نگاه جامعه‌شناختی به کارآفرینی زنان با توجه به هویت خانوادگی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، موانع ناشی از هویت خانوادگی برای کارآفرینی زنان به صورت رویکرد کیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور و شناخت عمیق از روش گراندد تئوری با نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری شامل متخصصین علمی‌و خبرگان در زمینه کارآفرینی و کارآفرینان زن بوده است. تعداد مصاحبه‌های کیفی غیر ساختارمند بر اساس اجماع نظرات به مصاحبه با 14 نفر از زنان کارآفرین موفق انجامید و سپس مدل مفهومی‌ارائه گردید. مدل استخراج شده از روش داده‌بنیاد نشان داد شرایط علی موانع توسعه‌یافتگی کارآفرینی زنان شامل: نقش تربیتی والدین، نقش همسر، الگوگیری از خانواده و انگیزه معیشتی خانوادگی است. شرایط زمینه‌ساز هویت خانوادگی در توسعه کارآفرینی زنان شامل نیل به استقلال مالی، نقش خانواده، داشتن حقوق نابرابر در خانواده، فرهنگ جامعه بوده است. اعتقادات خانوادگی، عدم همراهی همسر، فرهنگ خانوادگی، انجام فعالیت پنهان از خانواده، تبعیض جنسیتی در خانواده، تنگناها و مشکلات غیر مترقبه، تحمیل نقش زنانه، وظایف سنگین خانه‌داری و همسرداری و مسئولیت‌های مادرانه به‌عنوان عوامل مداخله‌گر هویت خانوادگی در توسعه کارآفرینی زنان شناسایی شدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Examining the Barriers and Presenting the Family Identity Model of Women's Entrepreneurship: A Grounded Theory Approach

نویسندگان English

Farnoush Hamidpour 1
Afsaneh Tavassoli 2
Afsaneh Edrisi 3
1 PhD student in Sociology; Economics and Development, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Women and Family Studies, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Women's entrepreneurship has been investigated in different dimensions, but the sociological view of women's entrepreneurship has been less considered due to family identity. In this study, the obstacles caused by family identity for women's entrepreneurship were examined in a combination of two qualitative and quantitative approaches. For this purpose, the grounded theory method with snowball sampling has been used in the recognition phase. The number of samples based on the consensus of opinions led to an interview with 14 successful women entrepreneurs and after presenting the conceptual model, in the quantitative phase, using the survey method and the questionnaire tool, the number of 320 women with entrepreneurial conditions was measured in full by structural equations. The results showed that the conditions that hinder the development of women's entrepreneurship include: the educational role of parents, the role of the spouse, following the example of the family, and the family's livelihood motivation. The underlying conditions of family identity in the development of women's entrepreneurship include achieving financial independence, the role of the family, having unequal rights in the family, and society's culture. Family beliefs, lack of companionship, family culture, performing activities hidden from the family, gender discrimination in the family, bottlenecks and unexpected problems, imposition of women's role, heavy housework and husbandry duties, and maternal responsibilities as interfering factors in the development of family identity. Women's entrepreneurship was identified. Based on the quantitative results, background conditions with an impact of 0.463 have the most impact, among the components of the background conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Family Identity
Women's Entrepreneurship
Women Entrepreneurs
Grounded Theory
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