Class boundaries, the Primary Obstacle to Organize the Urban Space (Case Study: The Metropolis Tehran)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Kharazmi University of Tehran

2 ferdowsi university of mashhad

3 Tehran University of Tehran

10.22055/qjsd.2022.24127.1558

Abstract

Cities as geographic phenomena during recent decades through changes in globalization and enter the information age have become one of the leading elements of human life. So that urban development can be considered one of the most complex social developments in half a century. This development has brought with a series of problems such as marginalization, major cities etc. One of the most important issues in the uneven development in urban space and formation and development of class boundaries, especially in large cities of Third World such as Tehran, which affects the different organizing of the city and produce difficulty. On this basis, this paper has worked with the analytical method investigated the effects of development on the organizing of class boundaries in Tehran. Surveys indicate that the space in Tehran can be simply observed class boundaries such as income levels, access to facilities, access to green space, etc. These class boundaries in the city such gaps have fragmented the city. The results of this study indicate that existence of class boundaries in Tehran and its development has created different spaces that act as a barrier to organizing in Tehran.

Keywords

References

Ahmadipour, Z. & Ghaderi Hajat, M. (2015). “Organization and political organization of urban space”, Tehran: Samat Publications. (Persian).
Ahmadipour, Z. & Ghanbari, A. & Hafeznia, M. (2010). “The Impact of the Model of Country Divisions on the Development of Geographical Space (Case Study: Zanjan Province)”, Quarterly Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, 14(4). (Persian).
Akbari, I. & Akbari, M. (2017). “Structural-Interpretive Modeling of Factors Affecting the Viability of Tehran Metropolis”, Quarterly Journal of Spatial Planning and Planning, 21(1). (Persian).
Bashiraei, H. & Asadi, H. (2010). “The role of social deprivation and its harms”, Sepehr Quarterly, 18(71). (Persian).
Brunet, R. (1996). “Building Models for Spatial Analysis”, special issue in English, geography and anthology, CNRS, Paris.
Dehkhoda, A. A. (1994). “Dehkhoda Dictionary”, Vol. 13, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Ebrahimzadeh, I. Mir Najaf, M. & Kazemizad, S. (2012). “Spatial Analysis of Regional Inequalities between the Border and Central Regions of Iran”, Geopolitical Quarterly, 8(1).
GatDiner, M & Bad Lesi. (2015). “Key Concepts in Urban Studies”, Mashhad: Ketabdar Touss Publications. (Persian).
Gerb, E. (1994). “Social Inequality: Perspectives of Classical and Contemporary Theorists, translated by Ahmad Reza Azavizad and Mohammad Siahpoosh”, Tehran: Contemporary Publishing. (Persian).
Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2018). “Explaining the concept and realm of political geography of urban space”, Master Thesis in Political Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Literature and Humanities. (Persian).
Gregory, D. (1994). “Geographical Imaginations”, Oxford: Blackwell.
Hafeznia, M. R. & Ghaderi Hajat, M. (2014). “Spatial Injustice and Human Hazards (Case Study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)”, Dangerous Knowledge Quarterly, 1(2). (Persian).
Hafeznia, M. R. & Janparvar, M. (2013). “Borders and Globalization (with a brief look at Iran's borders)”, Tehran: Institute for Strategic Studies Publications. (Persian).
Hafeznia, M. R. & Kaviani Rad, M. (2004). “New Horizons in Political Geography”, Tehran: Samat Publications. (Persian).
Harvey, D. (1996). “Justice”, Naturre & the geography of Difference, Blackwell.
Hatiminejad, H. (2009). “Analysis of Social Inequality in Access to Carbide Climate Services (Case Study: Isfahan)”, Quarterly Journal of Human Geography Research, 43(70). (Persian).
Hezar Jaribi, J. & Safari Shali, R. (2012). “Anatomy of Social Welfare”, Tehran: Society and Culture Publications. (Persian).
Hillier, B and Hanson, J. (1984). “The Social logic of Space”, Cambridge Univercity Press, Cambridge.
Janparvar, M. & Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2017). “Urban Geopolitics”, First Edition, Tehran: Iran Geopolitical Association Publications. (Persian).
Janparvar, M. (2014). “Conceptualizing and Explaining the Dimensions of the Political Geography of the City”, Tehran: 7th Congress of the Geopolitical Association of Iran. (Persian).
Javan, J. & Dalil, S. & Salmani Moghadam, M. (2013). “The Dialectic of Lefebvre Space”, Journal of Geographical Studies of Dry Areas, 3(12). (Persian).
Jedrej, M.C. (2000). “Time and Space, in Barnard”, A. Spencer, Jonathan.
Kitchin, R. and Thrift, N. (2009). “International Encyclopedia of Human Geography”, UK: Elsevier.
Kozegar Kaleji, L. A, Nouri, S. (2013). “Identification of Urban Crisis Centers with Emphasis on Insecure Urban Areas Using Geographic Information System (Case Study: Sanandaj, Districts 6 and 7)”, Journal of Disciplinary Geography, 1(3). (Persian).
Lynch, K. (1972). “The Openness of Open Space”, Arts of Environment Aidan Ellis.
Meshkini, A. Hatami Nejad, H. & Mahdennejad, P. (2015). “Creative City”, Tehran: Arad Publications. (Persian).
Mohammadi, M, Shahivandi, A & Izadi, A. (2013). “Assessing the effective factors on the desirability of urban neighborhoods using multivariate regression equation (Case study: Isfahan neighborhoods)”, Spatial Planning Research Journal, 3(3). (Persian).
Mohammadzadeh Asl, N, Imamvordi, G & Sarirafraz, M. (2010). “Ranking of Urban Welfare Indicators in Different Areas of Tehran”, Quarterly Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 1(1). (Persian).
Mottaqi, A, Janparvar, M. & Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2018). “A New Perspective on Redefining the Geopolitical Concept of Peace”, Quarterly Journal of International Relations, 8(1). (Persian).
Mottaqi, A, Janparvar, M. & Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2018). “A New Perspective on Redefining the Geopolitical Concept of Peace”, Quarterly Journal of International Relations, 8(1). (Persian).
Mumford, L. )1961). “City in history”, New York, Harcourt , Brace and World. (Persian).
Noor Ali Vand, A. & et. al. (2015). “Urban Sociology”, Tehran: Sociologists Publications.
Pablo, J. (2014). “Urban planning for city managers and officials”, translated by Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Mashhad: Mashhad Islamic Council Research Center Publications. (Persian).
Pew, C. (2005). “Sustainable cities in developing countries”, translated by Nasser Moharramnejad, Tehran: Publications of the Center for Urban Planning and Architecture Studies. (Persian).
Rahnamaei, M. T. & Pourmousavi, S. M. (2006). “Study of security instabilities in Tehran metropolis based on indicators of sustainable urban development”, Quarterly Journal of Geographical Research, Volume 38, Number 57. (Persian).
Rapaport , A. (1977). “The Human Aspects of Urban Form”, New York, Pergamon Press.
Roustaei, S. & et al. (2012). “Comparative model of poverty spread in Kermanshah in the period 1375-1385”, Quarterly Journal of Regional Urban Studies and Research, 3(12). (Persian).
Safaeipour, M & Sajadi, J. (2008). “Social and Spatial Causes and Consequences of Ahwaz Intra-Urban Migration (Case Study: Kian Pars)”, Research Journal of the University of Isfahan, No. 29. (Persian).
Saghaei, M. & et. al. (2012). “Spatial text of the pilgrimage of Imam Reza (AS)”, Iranian Journal of Social Studies, 3(4). (Persian).
Saghaei, M. (2014). “Deconstruction Formulation in the Theoretical Struggle of Radical Geography”, a collection of essays on the philosophy of geography, by Murad Kaviani Rad and Nasrin Khaniha, Tehran: Publications of the Geopolitical Association of Iran. (Persian).
Sajadi, J. & Sadeghi, Y. (2008). “Formation of Non-Governmental Organizations, Organization of Informal Settlements (Case Study: Islamshahr, Mianabad)”, Quarterly Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 8(6). (Persian).
Sharipour, M. (2008). “Urban Sociology”, Tehran: Samat Publications. (Persian).
Shokouei, H & Kazemi, M. M. (2005). Fundamentals of Urban Geography, Tehran: Payame Noor University Press. (Persian).
Shokouei, H. (1997). “Social Geography of Cities”, Tehran: University Jihad Publications. (Persian).
Sinaei, A. A. & Ahmadvand, Z. (2008). “Some principles governing the relationship between urban planning and citizenship in Islamic texts”, Proceedings of the first Islamic Utopia Conference. (Persian).
Smith, James M. (2008). “Strategic Culture and Violent Non State Actors: Weapons of Mass Destruction and Asymmetrical Operations Concepts and Cases”, USA Institute for National Security Studies USAF Academy, Colorado.
Soja, E. (1980). “Socio-Spatial Dialectic”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70: 207-225.
Soja, E. (1990). “Postmodern geographies”, reassertion of space in critical social theory, Verso, second expression, London – Newyork, p 432.
Tankis, F. (2009). “Space, city and social theory: social relations and urban forms”, translated by Hamid Reza Parsi and Arezoo Platoni, Tehran: University of Tehran. (Persian).
Tehran Research and Planning Center. (2006). “Tehran Metropolitan Encyclopedia”, Tehran: Geographical Research Management of Tehran Municipality. (Persian).
Tehran Research and Planning Center. (2013). “Construction of Tehran”, preparation of strategic and operational plans with emphasis on the promotion of Iranian Islamic identity, Tehran. (Persian).
Vandik, M. P. (2015). “Urban Management from Theory to Practice: Governing Cities in Developing Countries”, Translation por Gholamreza Kazemian y Hamed Rastegar, Teherán: Tisa Publications. (Persian).
Yousefi Bohlouli, G. M. (2009). “Investigating the effects of political divisions on the spatial structure of Bojnourd city”, Master Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Literature and Humanities. (Persian).
Zaki, Y. & Heidari Mosul, T. & Rahimi, H. (2014). “The role of political space management in urban development programs; with emphasis on Iran”, Tehran: 7th Congress of the Geopolitical Association of Iran. (Persian).
Zarabi, & Tabrizi, N. (2011). “Determining the level of development of cities in Mazandaran province, factor analysis approach”, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Planning, 4(12). (Persian).
Ziari, K. (2007). Principles and methods of regional planning, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Ziari, Keramatullah (2004). “Schools and theories of regional planning”, Yazd: Yazd University Press. (Persian).
 
Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development)
Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 61
Vol. 16, No. 1, Autumn 2021
November 2021
Pages 179-218

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics