Application Of Technique Of Process-Tracing in The National Identity Studies: Process-Tracing Of The Effects Of Cultural Globalization On The National Identity Becoming Problematic

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student in Sociology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Social Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy, Qom, Iran

Abstract

The Present Research is Trying To Introduce Bayesian Inference Logic And Technique Of Process-Tracing In A Single Case Research (N=1) To Study The Effects Of Cultural Globalization On The National Identity Becoming Problematic In Iranian Society After The Revolution Of 57 Using The Process Tracing Technique. The Method Of Present Research Is "Process Tracing", Analysis Unit Of "Iranian Society After Revolution 57", Inferential Logic and Analytical Tools " Bayesian Inference Logic" And "Empirical Tests Straw-In-The-Wind, Hoop, Smoking Gun and Doubly Decisive", Empirical Observations And Within-Case Evidence "Causal Process Observations" And "Evidence Pattern, Sequence, Trace, Sequence And Account" Information Sources And Tools For Collecting Them "Documents, Archival Reports, Media Sources, Historical Research, And Interview". The Result Of Research Indicates That Based On The Deductive Approach And Existing Analytical Theories, Process Of The Effects Of Cultural Globalization On The National Identity Becoming Problematic in Iranian Society After The Revolution Of 57 Can Be Conceptualized, Operationalization And Evaluated Of Through "Causal Mechanism Of Rethinking Identification In The Compactness Of The World".

Keywords

References

Afshar, S., & et. al. (2016). “Facebook and the Modern Personal Identity of Girls and Women in Tehran”, Journal of Communication Researchs (Pazhooheh va Njesh), Vol 23, 3 (87), 137-157. (Persian).
Afsharnia, N. (2017). “Predict the Formation of Modern Identity in Girl Students Based on Amount of the Use of Social Networks”, Journal of Communication Researchs (Pazhooheh va Snjesh), Vol. 24, 1(89), 121-147. (Persian).
Ahmadi, H. (2003a). “Iranian National Identity: Foundations, Challenges and Essentials”, Journal of Cultural Research, Volume 7, Number 6, 53-5. (Persian).
Ahmadi, H. (2003b). “National Identity of Iran in the Field of History”, Journal of National Studies, Vol. 4, No. 15, 9-45. (Persian).
Ahmadi, S., & et. al. (2009). “The Impact of Using Mobile Phone on the Formation of Modern Personal Identity of Tehran dolescents and Youths”, Journal of Communication Researchs, Vol 16, 60(4), 125-150. (Persian).
Ahmadipour, Kh., Serajzadeh, Sh. (2019). “National Identity in Iran A Systematic Review (1990-1995)”, Journal of National Studies, Vol 20, 2(78), 3-24. (Persian).
Ahmadipour, Z., & et. al (2010). “Globalization and Iranian Identity, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, Volume 10, Number 12, Volume 15, 25-40. (Persian).
Akbari, H., Teimouri, M. (2018). “A Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle Researches with an Emphasis on the Effectiveness of Persian-Language Satellite Channels (2001-2017)”, Journal of Communication Researchs (Pazhooheh va Snjesh), Vol. 25, 2(94), 9-28. (Persian).
Alavian, R., Dehghanshad, H. (2015). “Animation, Virtual world and global identity Case study of Iranian female teenagers”, Journal of Global Media Journal-Persian Edition, 10(1), 73-88. (Persian).
Amin, M., Babaie Sarooyi, A. (2019). “Assessing Iranian Collective Identity; Studying the Relation between Media Usage and Modern Identity in Border Towns of Iran”, Journal of National Studies, Vol 20, 3(79), 33-52. (Persian).
Ashayeri, T., & et. al. (2019). “Sociological Explanation of Iranian National Identity“, Journal of Intercultural Studies, 13(37), 37-67. (Persian).
Azad Armaki, T. (2011). Iranian Culture and Identity and Globalization, Tehran: Publication of Iranian Civilization (affiliated with national institutions), Vol. 1, p.160. (Persian).
Bahar, M., Bijani. M. J. (2019). “Social media and global identity: a study of the Instagram platform”, Journal of The Global Network of Communication Scholars, Vol. 14, 2 (28), 53-76. (Persian).
Bashir, H., Afrasiabi, M. (2012). “Internet Social Networks and Youth Life Style: A Case Study of the Largest Iranians' Virtual Community”, Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, Vol. 5, No.1, 31-62. (Persian).
Beach, D. (2017). Process-Tracing Methods in Social Science, Oxford Research Encyclopedias of Politics: Qualitative Political Methodology, Oxford University Press.
Beach, D. & Pedersen, R.B. (2016). Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines, Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press
Beach, D. & R. B. Pedersen (2011). What is Process-Tracing Actually Tracing? The Three Variants of Process Tracing Methods and Their Uses and Limitations, Paper prepared for presentation at The American Political Science Association annual meeting Seattle, Washington, USA September 1-4, 2011.
Beach, D. & R. Pedersen (2019). Causal case studies: Foundations and Guidelines for Comparing, matching and tracing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
 Beheshti, S., Haghmoradi, M. (2017). “Meta-analysis of the Studies about the Association between Ethnic Identity and National Identity in Iran Focusing on the Role of Media”, Journal of Social Problems of Iran, Vol8, Number2, 5-27. (Persian).
Bennett, A. (2015). “Disciplining Our Conjectures: Systematizing Process Tracing with Bayesian Analysis”, Pp. 276-98, in Bennett, A. & J. Checkel (2015), Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool (Strategies for Social Inquiry), Publisher: Cambridge University Press.
Bennett, A. & J. Checkel (2015). Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool (Strategies for Social Inquiry), Publisher: Cambridge University Press.
Bennett, A. (2010). “Sources of Leverage in Causal Inference: Toward an Alternative View of Methodology”, Pp. 207-19, in Brady, H. & D. Collier, eds. (2010), Rethinking social inquiry: diverse tools, shared standards, Lanham and New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Boroujerdi Alavi, M., Sadigh Yazdchi, AS. (2017). “The effect of Virtual space on ethnic and national identity in Iran”, Journal of New Media Studies, Vol. 3, No. 12, 88-110. (Persian).
Castells, M. (2006). Information Age, The Power of Identity, translated by Hassan Chavoshian, Tehran: New Design. First Edition, p. 528. (Persian).
Collier, D. (2011). Understanding Process Tracing, PS: Political Science and Politics, 44, No. 4, 823-30.
Collier, D. et al. (2010). “Process Tracing and Causal Inference”, Pp. 161-99, in Brady, H. & D. Collier, eds. (2010), Rethinking social inquiry: diverse tools, shared standards, Lanham and New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Danaei, A., Babaei Saroei, M. (2017). The Role of Virtual Media in the Tendency to National Identity, Journal of National Studies, Year 18, No. 71, 43-68. (Persian).
Erfan Manesh, I. (2019). Meta-analysis of social pathologies of virtual networks in Iran and presentation of exit strategies, Journal of Socio-Cultural Knowledge, Year 11, Issue 1 (41), 25-46. (Persian).
Fakouhi, N., Ayari, A., (2009). “ Internet and Identity among five Tribal Groups in Iran“, Journal of Global Media Journal-Persian Edition, 4(1), 1-26. (Persian).
Faramarziani, S., Jafari, A. (2020). The role of mobile social networks on modern personal identity among the youth of Ardabil, Journal of National Studies, Volume 21, Number 82,  88-69. (Persian).
Fazeli, N. (2008). Modernization of Iranian Culture: An Anthropological Approach and Cultural Studies, Tehran: Research Institute for Cultural and Social Studies, p. 384. (Persian).
Findings of the survey in 28 provinces of the country, values and attitudes of Iranians (second wave). (2003). Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, National Survey of Values and Attitudes, p.408. (Persian).
Findings of the survey in 28 provinces of the country, values and attitudes of Iranians (third wave). (2015). Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, National Survey of Values and Attitudes, p.698. (Persian).
Ghanbari, A. (2010). Globalization and its Impact on National Identity Discourses in Iran, Journal of Research, No. 67, 83-103. (Persian).
Giddens, A. (1998). The Consequences of Modernity, translated by Mohsen Thalasi, Tehran: Markaz Publications. (Persian).
Giddens, A. (2003). Beyond Left and Right, translated by Mohsen Thalasi, Tehran: Scientific Publications. (Persian).
Golmohammadi, A. (2002). Globalization of Culture and Identity, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (Persian).
Hajiani, E., Darvishi, M. (2013). “Study of Iranians' Tendency to Modern Identity”, Journal of Sociology of Social Issues in Iran, Second Year, No. 4, 39-65. (Persian).
Hajiani, E., Irvani, Z. (2018). Future Studies of Iran's National Identity in the Horizon of 1407, Journal of National Studies, No. 4 in a row (76), 3-20. (Persian).
Hall, S. (2004). Encryption and Decryption, translated by Nima Malek Mohammadi, Tehran: Talkhoon Publications. (Persian).
Hassani, M. H., Zakai, M. S. (2017). Virtual Social Networks and Youth Lifestyle: A Meta-Analysis of Previous Research, Journal of Socio-Cultural Strategy, Vol. 6, No. 22, 7-25. (Persian).
Jafarzadehpour, F. (2017). “Media, a tool for classifying generations in Iran”, Journal of Cultural Sociology, Year 8, Number 2, 1-17. (Persian).
Janadleh, A., Rahnama, M. (2018). “The Pathological Representation of New Media in Family Studies (a Meta-Analysis of Articles Regarding the Effect of New Media on Family)”, Journal of New Media Studies, Vol. 4, No. 16, 1-40. (Persian).
Kabiri, A. (2010). A Study of the Historical Developments of National Identity in Iran, Journal of Research, No. 59, 139-186. (Persian).
Kianpour, M., & et. al. (2013). “A Sociological Explanation of the Impact of Facebook on the Ethnic Identity of Turk Users in Iran“, Journal of Applied Sociology, 24(4), 67-84. (Persian).
Kianpour, M., & et. al. (2014). “Interaction on Facebook and its Impact on the Modern Identity of Isfahan Youth”, Journal of World Media, Volume 9, Number 2, 267-284. (Persian).
Mir Mohammadi, D., (2015). Cyberspace and Identity Developments in Iran, Tehran: Publication of Iranian Civilization. (Persian).
Moeid Far, S., Shahli Far, A. (2007). Globalization and the Formation of Local Cultural Policy: Media Consumption of Iranian Baluchis and the Challenges of Ethnic Identity and National Identity, Journal of Social Issues of Iran, Fifteenth Year, 56-57, 208-183. (Persian).
Moin al-Dini, J. (2007). National Identity of Iranians and Developments in the Age of Globalization, Journal of Intercultural Studies, Second Year, No. 4, 1-34. (Persian).
Moin al-Dini. J., Mazaheri, H. (2010). Iranian culture and identity after postmodern, Journal of Intercultural Studies, Fifth Year, No. 12, 171-195. (Persian).
Montazer Ghaem, M., Shaghasemi, E. (2008). Internet and Social Change in Iran, Journal of Sociology of Iran, Vol. 9, No. 3 and 4, 142-120. (Persian).
Mousavi, S., & et. al. (2019). “Globalization and National Identity of Iran“, Journal of Research of International Relations, 12(48), 155-186. (Persian).
Naderi, M., Arefi Gorvan, I. (2017). The Identity Challenges of the Discourse of Political Islam in Contemporary Iran, Journal of Studies of the Islamic Revolution, Vol. 14, No. 48, 27-48. (Persian).
National Survey of Consumption of Cultural Goods, Third Wave. (2019). Research Institute of Culture, Arts and Communications, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. https://www.google.com. (Persian).
Niazi, M., Mansoorian Ravandi, F. (2017). “A Meta-analysis of the Research Done on the Magnitude of the Effect of Globalization and National Identity in Iran”, Journal of Society Culture Media, 6(25), 11-26. (Persian).
Noghali Dokht Bahmani, M., & et. al. (2014). Cyberspace and Identity, Journal of Social Cultural Development, First Year, No. 2, 5-22. (Persian).
Poorahmadi, H. (2007). The Islamic Revolution and the System of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Reflecting the Globalization Process of "Alignment, Confrontation or Interaction", Tehran: Institute for the Arrangement and Prose of Imam Khomeini, p. 480. (Persian).
Puntonm M. & K. Welle (2015), Applying Process Tracing in Five Steps, in CDI Practice Paper 10.
Rahbarghazi, M., & et. al. (2018). “The Relationship between Virtual Social Networks and the Transformation of Collective Identities“, Journal of Majlis & Rahbord, Vol25, Number 95, 33-52. (Persian).
Rashtiani, A., Bavandpour, A. A. (2013). Globalization, Internet, Virtual Ethnic Identity, Journal of Sociological Studies of Iran, Volume 3, Number 10, 93-105. (Persian).
Rasoulzadeh Aghdam, S., & et. al. (2015). “Sociological Analysis of the Consequences of Social Media on the Values of Iranian Youth”, Journal of Socio-Cultural Strategy, Volume 5, Number 17, 65-94. (Persian).
Ricks, J. & A. H. Liu (2018). Process-tracing research designs: A practical guide, PS: Political Science and Politics, 1-5.
Robertson, R. (2001). Globalization, translated by Kamal Pouladi, Tehran: Third Edition, p. 404. (Persian).
Sarukhani, B., Mirzaei Malekian, M. (2011). The relationship between leisure and modern identity of young people in Tehran, Journal of Sociological Studies of Iran, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1-28. (Persian).
Sharifzadeh, H. S., & et. al. (2018). Meta-analysis of the impact of cyberspace on religious and national identity, 9th Conference of the Iranian Philosophy of Education Association, Zahedan, https://civilica.com/doc/877340. (Persian).
Sidamami, K. (2011). Iranian Identity in Youth Speech, Journal of Sociology of Iran, Vol. 12, No. 1 and 2, 38-64. (Persian).
Smith, A. D. (2015). Nationalism and Modernism, translated by Kazem Firoozmand, Tehran: Third Edition. Second turn, p. 488. (Persian).
Taleban, M. R. (2019). “Bayesianism and historical research in the social sciences“, Journal of Historical Sociology, Vol. 11 (2), 203-228. (Persian).
Taleban, M. (2008). “A Reflection on the Technique of Process Tracing in the Studies of Islamic Revolution“, Journal of Pajouheshnameh Matin, 10(40), 91-117. (Persian).
Talebi, A., Evazi, Y. (2013). “Ethnic Identity-Seeking in Cyberspace”, Journal of Social Development & Welfare Planning, 5(16), 135-172. (Persian).
Zakai, M., khatibi, K. (2006 b). “The Relationship Between Presence in Virtual Space and Modern Identity”, Journal of Social Sciences, 13(33), 111-153. (Persian).
Zakai, S., khatibi, F. (2006 a). “The internet and identity changes: A study among professional young users”, Journal of Cultural Studies & Communication, 2(7), 165-204. (Persian).
Zuhairi, A. R. (2010). The Islamic Republic and the Issue of National Identity, Qom: Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, p.304. (Persian).
Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development)
Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 61
Vol. 16, No. 1, Autumn 2021
November 2021
Pages 117-152

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics