بررسی تأثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر بهزیستی ذهنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مطالعات زنان دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، بهزیستی ذهنی به‌عنوان یک شاخص ذهنی برای کیفیت زندگی مورد توجه محققان بوده است. بهزیستی ذهنی معمولاً به‌عنوان مقوله وسیعی از پدیده‏ها در نظر گرفته می‏ شود که شامل پاسخ ‏های عاطفی افراد و قضاوت‏ های کلی آنها درباره رضایت از زندگی است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی در ابعاد ساختاری و شناختی با سطح بهزیستی ذهنی است. این تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی است که در آن با استفاده از شیوه نمونه‌گیری خوش ه‏ای چند مرحله‏ای با 380 نفر از افراد بالای 20 سال ساکن در مناطق مسکونی شهر خاتم مصاحبه شده است. یافته‌‏های تحقیق نشان داد که متغیر‏های فراوانی تماس، صمیمیت در رابطه (سرمایه اجتماعی ساختاری)، اعتماد نهادی و حمایت اجتماعی (سرمایه اجتماعی شناختی) اثرات معنی‌داری بر بهزیستی ذهنی دارند. در مجموع، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان می‏دهد که متغیر‏های اصلی تحقیق 27 درصد از تغییرات بهزیستی ذهنی را تبیین کرده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of the Effect of Social Capital on Subjective Well-Being

نویسندگان [English]

  • mehdi amirkafi 1
  • Marziyeh Mohammadinezhad 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Master of Women's Studies, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran m.mohammadinezhad@gmail.com
چکیده [English]

In recent years, subjective well-being has been the focus of researcher as a subjective indicator for quality of life. Subjective well-being is usually considered as a broad category of phenomena that includes the emotional response of people and their general judgments about life satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to investigate relationship between social capital in structural and cognitive dimensions with the level of subjective well-being. This is a survey research through which 380 persons above 20 years of age resident in the residential area of Khatam city have been interviwed through multistage cluster sampling method. The findings indicate that variables of intimacy in the relationship, frequency of contact (structural social capital), institutional trust and social support (cognitive social capital), exert significant effects on subjective well-being. On the whole, the results of multiple regression analysis indicates that the main variables of the study, explain 27 percent of the variance in subjective well-being.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Capital
  • Intimacy in the Relationship
  • Frequency of Contact
  • Social Support and Subjective Well-Being
Abbott, S.; Freeth, D. (2008). “Social Capital and Health: Starting To Make Sense Of the Role of Generalized Trust and Reciprocity”, Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 13, No 7, 874-883.
Anheier, H.; Kendall, J. (2002). “Interpersonal Trust and Voluntary Associations: Examining Three Approaches”, British Journal of Sociology, 53: 343-362.
Antonucci, Toni C., Rebecca Fuhrer and Games s. Jackson (1990). “Social Support and Reciprocity: A cross - Ethnic and Cross -National Perspective”, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7: 519-530.
Bakhshipour Rudsari, A.; Parvih; H.; Abedian, A. (2005). “Examining the relationship between life satisfaction and social support with mental health in students”, Mental Health Quarterly, 7th year, No. 27 and 28, fall and winter 2014, pp. 145-152. (Persian).
Bassett, E.; Moore, S. (2013). “Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms: The Association of Psychosocial and Network Dimensions of Social Capital with Depressive Symptoms in Montreal”, Social Science and Medicine, 86: 96-102.
Bayani, A. A., Ashour Mohammad Kochchi and H. Gudarzi (2007). Validity and reliability of life satisfaction scale, Iranian Psychologists Quarterly, third year, No. 1, pp. 259-265. (Persian).
Berkman, F. Lisa and Thomas (2000). “Social integration, social networks, social support and health”, social epidemiology 1: 103-118.
Bjornskov, Ch. (2008). Social Capital and Happiness in The United States, Applied Research Quality Life, 3: 43-62.
Carpiano, R. M.; Fitterer, M. (2014). “Questions of Trust in Health Research on Social Capital: What Aspects of Personal Network Social Capital Do They Measure?”, Social Science and Medicine, 116: 225-234.
Chalabi, M. (1996). Sociology of Order: Description and Theoretical Analysis of Social Order, Nei Publishing House, Tehran. (Persian).
Chang, W. Ch. (2009). “Social Capital and Happiness in Taiwan”, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol.36, No.8, 844-868.
Cheung, Ch. K.; Ramond, K. H. Ch. (2008). “Facilitating Achievement by Social Capital in Japon, the Journal of Socio-Economics, 37: 2261-2277.
Cheung, Ch. K.; Raymond Kwok-Hong Chan (2010). “Social Capital as Exchange: Its Contribution To Morale”, Soc Indic Res, 96: 205-227.
Churchill Sefa, A.; Vinod, M. (2016). Trust, social Networks and Subjective wellbeing in china, Soc Indic Res, published online: 4 January 2016.
Civitci, Na.; Civitci, A. (2009). “Self-Esteem AS Mediator and Moderator of the Relationship between Loneliness and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents”, Personality and Individual Differences, 47: 954-958.
Diener, Ed.; Derric Wirtz, W. T.; Chu Kim-Prieto, Dong-Won Choi, Shigehiro Oishi, Robert Biswas, D. (2010). “New Well-Being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings”, Soc Indic Res, 7: 143-156.
Diener, Ed.; Martin E. P. Seligman (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being, American Psychological Society, 5 (1): 1-31.
Fazli, M., Junadele, A.; Talebian, A. (2013). “Easterlin paradox in mental health: study of the impact of material well-being and social capital on mental health”, Social Issues of Iran, 4th year, No. 1, summer 2012, pp. 187-212. (Persian).
Fujisawa, Y.; Tsuyoshi, H.; Shogo, T. (2009). “Social Capital and Perceived Health in Japan: an Ecological and Multilevel Analysis”, Social Science and Medicine, 69:500-505.
Ghafari, Gh.; Omidi, R. (2009). Quality of life: social development index, first edition, Shirazeh publishing house, Tehran. (Persian).
Gilman, R.; Scott Huebner, E. (2006). “Characteristics of Adolescents Who Report Very -High Life Satisfaction”, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3):311-319.
Glanville, J. L.; Matthew, A.; Andersson, P. P. (2013). “Do Social Connections Creat Trust? A Examination Using New Longitudinal Data”, Social Forces, 92(2): 545-562.
Glanville, Jennifer L. and Elisa Jayne Bienenstock (2009). “A Typology for Understanding the Connections among Different Forms of Social Capital”, American Behavior Scientist, 32(11):1507-1530.
Goddard Roger, D. (2003). “Relational Networks, social Trust, and Norms: A Social capital Perspective on student’s chances of Academic Success”, Educational Evaluation and policy Analysis, vol. 25, No.l, PP. 59-74.
Harpham, T. (2008). The Measurement of Community Social Capital Through Surveys, in Ichiro Kawachi, S.V. Subramania and Daniel Kim, Social Capital and Health, springer.
Harpham, T.; Emma, G.; Elizabeth, Th. (2002). “Measuring Social Capital Within-Health Surveys: Key Issues, 17(1): 106-111.
Helliwell, J. F.; Robert, D. (2004). The Social Context of Well-being, the Royal Society, 359: 1435-1446.
Helliwell, John F.; Shun, W. (2011). “Trust and Wellbeing”, International Journal of  Wellbeing, 1(1): 42-78.
Hyyppa; M. T. (2010). Healthy Ties: Social Capital, Population and Survival, springer.
Keyes, CL, D.; Shmotkin, C.D. R. (2002). “Optimizing well-being: the Empirical encounter of two traditions”, J Personal Social psychology, 82 (6):1007-1022.
Khairi, M.; Emami Segaroudi, A. H.; Rabiullah Farmanbar and Zahra Atar Kar Roshan (2013). “Subjective feeling of well-being and factors related to it in medical students of Gilan”, scientific-research quarterly of health education and health promotion, second year, number 1, Spring, 2013. (Persian).
Lei, X., Shen, Y.; James P. Smith; Guangsu, Zh. (2015). “Do Social Networks Improve Chinese Adults Subjective Well-Being?”, the Journal of the Economics of Ageing,6:57-67.
Leung, A.; Kier, Ch.; Fung, T. Fung, L. (2010). Searching for Happiness: the Importance of Social Capital, Journal Happiness Stud, Published online, May, 2010.
Lim, Ch.; Robert D. P. (2010). “Religion, Social Networks and Life Satisfaction”, American Sociological Review, 75(6): 914-933.
Lin, N. (1976). Foundations of Social Research, New York: Mcgraw Hill.
Mirzaei, H.; Hassanvand, I. (2012). “Investigating the relationship between social capital and the feeling of social security: a comparative study of the central district of Selesh and Al-Shatar cities”, Social Security Studies Quarterly, No. 32, Winter 2012, pp. 133-155. (Persian).
Poortinga, W. (2006). “Social Relations or Social Capital? Individual and Community Health Effects of Bonding Social Capital”, Social Science and Medicine, 63: 255-270.
Portela, M.; Neira, I.; Del Mar, M.; Jimenes, S. (2013). “Social capital and subjective well-being: a new approach on social capital”, Social Indicator Research 114(2): 493-511.
Poulin, Michael J.; Claudia Haase, M. (2015). “Growing to Trust: Evidence that Trust Increases and Sustains Well-being Across the Life Span”, Social Psychological and Personality Science, Published online, 2015:1-8.
Qanaei Rad, M. A. (2006). “The role of interactions between students and professors in the development of academic social capital”, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Volume 7, Number 1, Spring 2006, pp. 3-29. (Persian).
Ram, R. (2010). “Social Capital and Happiness: Additional Cross-Country Evidence”, J Happiness Stud, 11:409-418.
Reis, H. T.; Shelly, L. (2003). Toward a Positive Psychology of Relationships. In C. L. Keyes and J. Haidt (Eds.). Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life (pp.129-159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Rothstein, B. (2014). Social Traps and the Problem of Trust, translated by: Laden Ladari, Mahmoud Sharaipour, Mohammad Fazli and Sajjad Fatahi, Neshar Agha, first edition, Tehran. (Persian).
Schnettler, B.; Marianela Denegri, H.; Miranda, J.; Sepulveda, L. O.; Galo Paiva, K.; Grunert, G. (2015). “Family Support and Subjective Well-Being: An Exploratory Study of University Students in southern chile”, Soc Indic Res, 122: 833-864.
Schultz, J.; A. Obrien, M.; Tadesse, B. (2008). “Social Capital and Self-rated Health: Results from the US 2006 Social Capital Survey of One Community”, Social Science and Medicine, 67:606-617.
Sheikhi, M.; Heydar Ali, H.; Ahadi, H.; Sepah Mansour, M. (2011). “Psychometric characteristics of life satisfaction scale”, Thought and Behavior Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 19, Spring 2011. (Persian).
Siedlecki, K. L.; Timothy, A.; Salthouse, Sh. O.; Sheena, T. (2014). “The Relationship Between social support and Subjective well- being Across Age”, Soc Indic Res, 117(2): 561-576.
Soltanizadeh, M.; Malekpour, H.; Neshat Dost, T. (2012). “The relationship between positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction of Isfahan University students”, Shahid University scientific-research quarterly, 19th year, new period number 7, autumn and winter 2012. (Persian).
Song, L. (2013). Social Capital and Health, in William C. Cockerham (ed), Medical Sociology on the Move: New Directions in Theory, Springer.
Stanzani, S. (2015). “Dimensions of Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Italy”, International Review of Sociology 25(1): 129-143.
Umberson, D.; Kara Montez, J. (2010). “Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health Policy”, Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51(s) 54-66.
Vahedi, Sh.; Eskandari, F. (2010) Validation and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of life satisfaction scale among nursing and midwifery students, Nursing Research, Vol. 5, No. 17, Summer 2010, pp. 68-79. (Persian).
Wilkinson, R.; Pickett, K. (2014). The price of inequality: why equality is beneficial for everyone, translated by Sara Afzaz, Mim publishing house, first edition, Qom. (Persian).
Wills-Herrera, E.; Luz, E. Orozco, C.; Pineda, F.; Pardo, O.; Andonova, V. (2011). “The relationship Between Perception of Insecurity , Social Capital and Subjective Well-being: Empirical Evidences From Areas of Rural Conflict in Colombia”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40: 88-96.
Yazdani, F.; Jibril, M.; Kielhofner, G. (2008). “A Study of The relationship Between Variabels from the Model of Human Occupation and Subjective Well-being among University Students in Jordan”, Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 22: 125-138. (Persian).
Yip, Winnie, S. V. Subramanian, Andrew D. Mitchell, Dominic T. S. Lee, Jian Wang, Kawachi, I. (2007). “Does Social Capital Enhance Health and Well-Being?”, Social Science and medicine, 64: 35-49.
Zhang, Jie, Sibo Zhao, David Lester and Cheng Chao (2013). “Life Satisfaction and its Correlates among College Students in China: a Test of Social Reference Theory”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 10:17-20.
Zhu, X.; Sang Eun, W.; Porter, C.; Brzezinski, M. (2013). “Pathways to happiness: From Personality to Social Networks and Perceived Support”, Social Networks, 35(3): 382-393.
Ziersch, A.; Fran, M.; Baum, E.; Macdougall, C.; Putland, Ch. (2005). “Neighbourhood Life and Social Capital: The Implications For Health”, Social Science and Medicine, 61: 71-86.