فهم اقتصاد غیر رسمی در نواحی مرزی سقز و بانه: مطالعه تفسیری پیامدها و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی و مدرس دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه تفسیری پیامدهای اقتصاد غیر رسمی از منظر کنش‌گران درگیر در این پدیده به نگارش در آمده است. داده‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک مصاحبه عمیق، مشاهده و بررسی اسناد و مدارک جمع‌آوری شدند. از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند مصاحبه با 55 نفر از مطلعین کلیدی (شامل: کولبران، کاسبان عمده، کاسبکاران سطح خرد و رانندگان) به عمل آمد تا اشباع نظری حاصل گردد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده در قالب 6 مقوله عمده شامل: هنجارمندی بی‌هنجاری، وابستگی مضاعف، امنیت نسبی، دگردیسی فرهنگ سنتی و بومی، فضای مخاطره‌آفرین و ترویج نابسامانی کدگذاری و تحلیل شده‌اند. نتایج بر این امر دلالت دارد که اقتصاد غیر رسمی پدیده یا واقعیتی اجتماعی است که بازتاب محدویت منابع رسمی اشتغال، ناکارآمدی نهاد اقتصاد و سیاست‌های مرکز محور توسعه از جمله در راستای تلقی مرز به­عنوان تهدید و نه فرصت بوده است. این پدیده صرف‌نظر از تعابیر اقتصادی، دارای وجوه فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی است که از تصورات و تجارب زیسته متنوع شکل‌یافته و معنای محتوم در پس پیامدهای آن در واقع گسترش نوعی "توسعه ناموزون و ساختار زیستِ بحرانی" بوده است. به‌عبارتی، گر چه ممکن است گسترش اقتصاد غیر رسمی منافع اقتصادی را به دنبال داشته باشد و رضایت نسبی فعالان اقتصادی را تأمین کند. اما، وسعت پیامدها و چالش‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، امنیتی و زیستی ـ محیطی موجب خلق فضایی آنومیک و ساختار زیستِ بحرانی در نواحی مرزی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Understanding Informal Economic in Saqez and Baneh Border Areas: an Interpretive Study of Outcomes and Challenges

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Ghaderi 1
  • Yaghou Ahmadi 2
  • binazir jalali 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Social Science,Payame Noor University (PNU),Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Social Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
3 Master of Psychology and lecturer at Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this research is to interpret the consequences of informal economic from the perspective of the actors involved in this phenomenon. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation and document review. Through purposeful sampling method 55 key informants (including Kolbers wholesalers, retailers and drivers) were interviewed to achieve theoretical saturation. The collected data were coded and analyzed in the form of 6 main categories: normativity of abnormality, deep dependency, and relative security, metamorphosis of traditional and indigenous culture, risky space and diffusion of disorder. The results indicate that informal economic is a phenomenon or social reality that reflects the limitations of official employment resources, inefficiency of the institution of economy, centralized development policy, and the perception of boundary as a threat rather than an opportunity. Regardless of economic interpretations, this phenomenon has socio-cultural dimensions formed out of diverse perceptions and lived experiences and the meaning of its consequences has actually been the expansion of “inharmonious development and the crisis-ridden life structure”. In other words, although the expansion of the informal economy my lead to economic benefits and bring relative satisfaction to economic actors, The dispersion of social, cultural, security and environmental consequences and challenges creates an anomic atmosphere and a crisis-ridden life structure in the border regions.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Normativity of Abnormality
  • Deep Dependency
  • Relative Security Risky Space
  • Diffusion of Disorder

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توسعه اجتماعی
دوره 17، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 68
دوره 17، شماره 4، تاستان 1402
شهریور 1402
صفحه 161-200

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