تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی سیاست‌های کاهش فقر و نابرابری اجتماعی در برنامه‌های توسعه (راهکارها و توصیه‌های سیاستی برای تدوین برنامه هفتم توسعه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مبارزه با فقر و نابرابری‌های اجتماعی یکی از اصلی‌ترین دغدغه‌های سیاست‌گذاران اجتماعی است. در ایران این موضوع در قالب برنامه‌های توسعه و لایحه فقرزدایی همواره مد نظر بوده است. با این حال شاخص‌های حوزه فقر نتایج چندان رضایت‌بخشی را نشان نمی‌دهند. در مقاله حاضر به تحلیل محتوای شش برنامه توسعه با تأکید بر سیاست‌های کاهش فقر و نابرابری‌های اجتماعی پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که؛ 1) در هیچکدام از برنامه‌ها (بجز برنامه چهارم) خط فقر استاندارد و رسمی که ملاک عمل سیاست‌گذار قرار گرفته باشد، ملاحظه نمی‌شود، 2) جدی‌ترین چالش برنامه‌های توسعه در رابطه با کاهش فقر، شناسایی فقرا است، 3) برنامه فقرزدایی در ایران بر رفع پیامدهای فقر تأکید دارد تا علل و ریشه‌های آن، 4) در برنامه‌های توسعه به موضوع آسیب‌پذیری توجه جدی نشده است. لذا در تدوین برنامه هفتم توسعه تأکید می‌گردد: در ابتدای برنامه تعریف مشخصی از خط فقر و شاخص‌های مربوطه ارائه شود، گروه‌های هدف یعنی فقرا و مناطق محروم و نیازهای آنها شناسایی گردد، به جای دیدگاه عارضه‌نگر، رویکرد ساختارنگر به فقر اتخاذ گردد، به جای برنامه‌های جزیره‌ای سعی در تدوین برنامه جامع کاهش فقر شود، موضوع توانمندسازی در کنار پرداخت‌های مستقیم مد نظر قرار گیرد، علاوه بر رشد، موضوع توزیع مجدد درآمد مد نظر قرار گیرد و تکانه‌های احتمالی خارجی پیش‌بینی و برای مقابله با آنها برنامه‌ریزی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sociological Analysis of Policies to Reduce Poverty and Social Inequality in Development Plans (Policy Solutions and Recommendations in Compiling the Seventh Development Plan

نویسنده [English]

  • Amir Maleki
Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Combating poverty and social inequalities is always one of the main concerns of policymakers. In Iran, this issue has always been considered in the form of development plans and poverty alleviation bills. Unfortunately, the poverty indicators do not show satisfactory results. Considering the importance of the subject, in this article, the content analysis of six development plans has been done with an emphasis on policies to reduce poverty and social inequalities. The results indicate that; 1) In none of the development plans (except for the fourth plan), there is no standard and official poverty line used as a criterion for policymakers, 2) The most important challenge of development plans in poverty alleviation is "identifying the poor", 3) The poverty alleviation program in Iran mainly emphasizes on removing the consequences of poverty rather than its causes and roots, 4) the issue of vulnerability has not been given serious attention in the plans. Therefore, it is recommended to emphasize the following principles in preparing the seventh development plan: 1) at the beginning of the plan, a specific definition of the poverty line and the relevant indicators should be provided, 2) the target groups, namely the poor and deprived areas, and their needs should be identified, 3) Instead of a complication- based perspective, a structural approach to poverty should be adopted, 4) Instead of isolated programs, try to compile a comprehensive plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Poverty
  • Social Inequality
  • Development Plans
  • Poverty Alleviation
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