Explaining the Model of the Antecedents of Entrepreneurship intents: A Sociological Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahva, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahva, Iran

3 Master of Management, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahva, Iran

10.22055/qjsd.2022.26946.1764

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is a process that plays a vital role in the continuation of national growth and development and even the global economy. The improvement of entrepreneurship creates new economic opportunities and businesses in society. Today, accumulating evidence suggests that gender plays an important role in entrepreneurship. The participation of women as a half of the population has significant impact on the expansion of social and economic activities. However, in recent years, the gender gap in entrepreneurship is one of the most important discrimination that women have been facing in the labor market. The present study was performed to assess the Explaining the Model of the Antecedents of Entrepreneurship intents: A Sociological Approach. Research in terms of purpose, type of applied research, and in terms of data collection method, is considered as descriptive (non-experimental) research. The subjects in this study were those who participated in seminars, startup events and ideas in Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. The sampling method was a simple random sampling technique and data were collected using questionnaire. A total of 384 questionnaires were administered to the participants. A positive and significant relationship was observed between hostile gender sexism and gender stereotypes. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between benevolent sexism and gender stereotypes. No significant relationship was noted between hostile sexism and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, a positive and significant relationship was observed between benevolent sexism and entrepreneurial intention. Gender stereotypes play a mediating role in the relationship between hostile and benevolent sexism and entrepreneurial intention. Finally, research findings indicate that the process of socialization, educational status and family ideology can have a significant effect on women’s activity in busuness areas.

Keywords

References

آبوت، پاملا؛ والاس، کلر (1380). جامعه­شناسی زنان، ترجمه منیژه نجم عراقی، تهران: نشر نی.
احمدی، حبیب؛ گروسی، سعیده (1383). "بررسی تأثیر برخی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر نابرابری جنسیتی در خانواده‌های شهر کرمان و روستاهای پیرامون آن"، فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی ـ روان‌شناختی زنان (مطالعات زنان)، دوره 2، شماره 6.
اعزازی، شهلا (1383). خشونت خانگی زنان کتک­خورده، تهران: مرکز نشر سالی.
بارانی، شهرزاد؛ زرافشانی، کیومرث؛ دل­انگیزان، سهراب و حسینی لرگانی، سیده مریم (1389). "تأثیر آموزش کارآفرینی بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام نور کرمانشاه: رویکرد مدل­سازی معادله ساختاری"، فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی دوره 16، شماره 3.
ترازویی، زهرا (1386). شناسایی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر شکل­گیری تبعیض­های جنسیتی از نظر دانشجویان دختر تحصیلات تکمیلی رشته علوم تربیتی دانشگاه­های سراسری شهر تهران، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
کار، مهرانگیز (1378). ساختار حقوقی نظام خانواده در ایران، تهران: روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.
کیاکجوری، داود؛ کوزه­گر، امین و امیری، بهناز (1391). ضرورت کارآفرینی در توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی جامعه، کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسب‌ و کارهای دانش بنیان، 21 آبان 1391، ایران.
گلرد، پروانه (1384). "عوامل مؤثر در توسعه کارآفرینی زنان ایرانی"، پژوهش زنان، 3 (1): 123-101.
گیدنز، آنتونی (1376). جامعه­شناسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری، تهران: نی.
محمدی، حمیدرضا؛ احمد، عبادالله؛ امین شایان جهرمی، شاپور (1390). "بررسی رابطه ویژگی­های شخصیتی با تمایل به کارآفرینی"، زن و جامعه، بهار، سال دوم.
هاید، ژانت (1377). روان‌شناسی زنان، ترجمه بهزاد رحمتی، تهران: لادن.
یعقوبی، سید فاطمه (1391). بررسی پاسخ­های مقابله­ای زنان به انواع تبعیض جنسیتی، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان.
یوسف‌پور، مائده؛ حسین‌زاده، مریم؛ حسین‌زاده، حامد؛ طالب‌نژاد، سید رمضان و اکبری، یاسر (1391). بررسی عوامل کارآفرینی زنان در توسعه اقتصادی کشور، مجموعه مقالات کنفرانس ملی کارآفرینی و مدیریت کسب ‌و ‌کارهای دانش بنیان.
 
Acs, Z.J., Arenius, P., Hay, M. and Minniti, M. (2004). Global entrepreneurship monitor, MA: Babson College.
Ahl, H. (2006). “Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 30, pp. 595-621.
Ajzen, I. (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”, Organizational behavior and human decision processes, Vol. 50, pp. 179-211.
Becker, J.C. and Wright, S.C. (2011). “Yet another dark side of chivalry: Benevolent sexism undermines and hostile sexism motivates collective action for social change”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 101, pp. 62-77.
Connell, R.W. (1995). Masculinities, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). “Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research”, Journal of Applied social psychology, 28, 1429-1464.
Courtenay, W.H. (2000). “Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: A theory of gender and health”, Social science & medicine, Vol. 50, pp.
Dardenne, B. Dumont, M. and Bollier, T. (2007). “Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women's performance”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 93, pp. 764-779.
Diaz-Garcia, M.C. and Jimenez-Moreno, J. (2010). “Entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 261-283.
Gannon, M. J. and Pillai, R. (2013). Understanding global cultures: Metaphorical journeys through 29 nations, clusters of nations, continents, and diversity, Sage, Los Angeles.
Gerson, J. M. and Peiss, K. (1985). “Boundaries, negotiation, consciousness: Reconceptualizing gender relations”, Social problems, Vol. pp. 317-331.
Glick, P. and Fiske, S.T. (1996). “The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 491-512.
Gupta, V.K. Turban, D.B. and Bhawe, N.M. (2008). “The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 93, pp. 1053-1061.
Gupta, V.K., Turban, D.B. and Bhawe, N.M. (2008). “The effect of gender stereotype activation on entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 93, pp. 1053-1061.
Gupta, V.K., Turban, D.B. and Pareek, A. (2013). "Differences between men and women in opportunity evaluation as a function of gender stereotypes and stereotype activation."
Heilman, M. E. (1983). “Sex bias in work settings: The lack of fit model”, Research in Organizational Behavior, 5, 269–298.
Helmreich, R.L., Spence, J.T. and Holahan, C.K. (1979). “Psychological androgyny and sex-role flexibility: Test of 2 hypotheses”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 37, pp. 1631-1644.
Hofstede, G. (1998). Masculinity and feminity as a dimension of culture, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Hofstede, G. (1998). Masculinity and feminity as a dimension of culture, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Kelley, D., M. Herrington, and S. Singer (2012). Global Entrepreneur-ship Monitor 2011 Executive Report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College, Santiago, Chile: Universidad del Desarollo, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, UK: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
Kolvereid, L. E. (1996). “New business formation: does gender make a difference?”, Women in Management Review, 11(4): 312.
Linan, F. and Chen, Y.W. (2009). “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice”, Vol. 33, pp. 593-617.
Linan, F. and Chen, Y.W. (2009). “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33, pp. 593-617.
McClelland, D.C. (1967). Achieving society, The Free Press, United States.
Nair, N., & Neharika, V.,  (2010). An exploration of factors predicting work alienation of knowledge workers, Management Decision 48(4), 600-615.
Pleck, J.H. (1981). The myth of masculinity, MIT Press, MA.
Powell, G. N. & Graves, L. M. (2003). Women and men in management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rudman, L. A. and Glick, P. (2001). “Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women”, Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 57, pp. 743-762.
Sánchez, J. C. (2014). Gender personal traits, and entrepreneurial intentions. Business and Management Research, 31-40.
Sánchez, J. C. (2014). Gender personal traits, and entrepreneurial intentions. Business and Management Research, 31-40.
Scherer, R. F. Brodzinski, J. D. and Wiebe, F. A. (1990). “Entrepreneur career selection and gender: A socialization approach”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 28, pp. 37-44.
Scherer, R.F. Brodzinski, J.D. and Wiebe, F.A. (1990). “Entrepreneur career selection and gender: A socialization approach”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 28, pp. 37-44.
Shinnar, R.S. Giacomin, O. and Janssen, F. (2012), "Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 36, pp. 465-493.
Shinnar, R.S. Giacomin, O. and Janssen, F. (2012). “Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 36, pp. 465-493.
Sibley, C.G. Wilson, M.S. and Duckitt, J. (2007). “Antecedents of men's hostile and benevolent sexism: The dual roles of social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 33, pp. 160-172.
Wilson, F. Kickul, J. and Marlino, D. (2007). “Gender, entrepreneurial selfefficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 31, pp. 387-406.
Wilson, F. Kickul, J. and Marlino, D. (2007). “Gender, entrepreneurial selfefficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 31, pp. 387-406.
Yvonne Stedham Alice Wieland (2017). “Culture, benevolent and hostile sexism, and entrepreneurial intentions”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 23 Iss 4 pp.
Yvonne Stedham Alice Wieland (2017). “Culture, benevolent and hostile sexism, and entrepreneurial intentions”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 23 Iss 4 pp.
Zhao, H. Seibert, S.E. and Hills, G.E. (2005). “The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, pp.1265-1272.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S.E. and Hills, G.E. (2005). “The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, pp. 1265-1272.
Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development)
Volume 17, Issue 2 - Serial Number 66
Vol. 17, No. 2, Winter 2022
February 2023
Pages 145-172

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics