فراتحلیل تعیین‌گرهای اجتماعی رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.22055/qjsd.2022.38259.2489

چکیده

امروزه، با گسترش مسائل و مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی، مطالعه رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی برای پژوهشگران اهمیت مضاعفی پیدا کرده است. رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی مجموعه ای از کنش‌های افراد جامعه نسبت به محیط زیست است که طیف وسیعی از احساسات، تمایلات و آمادگی‌های خاص به منظور انجام رفتار در رابطه با محیط زیست را شامل می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی پژوهش‌های انجام شده در حوزه جامعه‌شناسی محیط زیست با روش فراتحلیل می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه مقالات علمی ـ پژوهشی است که در 10 سال اخیر در فاصله سال‌های 1389 تا 1398 در داخل کشور با موضوع جامعه‌شناسی محیط زیست نمایه شده است. در بررسی اولیه حدود 49 مقاله اولیه مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت که در نهایت پس از لحاظ کردن معیارهای مورد نظر، 20 پژوهش به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و CMA.2 استفاده شده است. مرور نظام‌مند مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که، 75 درصد نویسندگان دارای مدرک دکتری در رشته جامعه‌شناسی بودند و بیشترین تعداد پژوهش‌ها در سال‌های 1391 و 1396 منتشر شده است. همچنین، در همه پژوهش‌ها متغیر رفتار زیست‌محیطی به‌عنوان متغیر اصلی مورد توجه بوده است. بررسی اندازه اثر متغیرهای مختلف نشان می‌دهد که، اندازه اثرات تصادفی برای تأثیر نگرش زیست‌محیطی 222/0، دانش زیست‌محیطی 112/0، آگاهی زیست‌محیطی 317/0 و ارزش‌های زیست‌محیطی بر رفتار زیست‌محیطی برابر با 256/0 بدست آمده است که نشان می‌دهد اندازه اثر ترکیبی متغیر آگاهی زیست‌محیطی بیش از سایر متغیرها بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-Analysis of Social Determinants of Environmental Behavior

نویسنده [English]

  • Saeed Soltani
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, with the spread of environmental issues and risks, the study of environmental behaviors has become more important for researchers. Environmental Behaviors is a set of actions of people in society towards the environment that includes a wide range of feelings, inclinations and specific preparations to perform behaviors in relation to the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the research conducted in the field of environmental sociology using meta-analysis. The statistical population of the study includes all research articles that have been published and indexed in the country in the last 10 years between 2010 and 2019 with the subject of environmental sociology in the initial review, about 49 preliminary articles were identified, and finally, after considering all necessary criteria, 20 studies were selected as a statistical sample. SPSS and CMA.2 software were used for data analysis. Systematic review of studies shows that 75% of the authors had a PH.D. In sociology, most of the research was done in Mazandaran and Kurdistan provinces and in 2012 and 2017 the highest number of researches has been published. Also, in all studies, the variable of environmental behavior has been considered as the main variable. Examining the effect size of different variables shows that the size of random effects for the effect of environmental attitude is 0.222, environmental knowledge is 0.112, environmental awareness is 0.317 and environmental values on environmental behavior are equal to 0.256. It is found that the combined effect size of the environmental awareness variable was more than other variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Behavior
  • Environmental Knowledge
  • Environmental Attitude
  • Environmental Awareness
  • Meta-Analysis
Albrecht, D., Bultena, G., Hoiberg, E., & Nowak, P. (1982). “Measuring environmental concern: The New Environmental Paradigm scale”, The Journal of Environmental Education, 13(3), 39-43.
Bell, S., & Morse, E. (2004). “Measuring sustainability”, Tralslated by Naser Shahnooshi, Siyavash Dehghanian & Yadollah Azarinfar, Mashhad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication, (Persian).
Berkowitz, A., Ford, M., & Brewer, C. (2004). “A framework for integrating ecological literacy, civics literacy and environmental citizenship in environmental education”, from: www.bioed.org/pubs/EE_chapter_berkowitz_et_al.pdf.
Chapman, D., & Kamala, S. (2001). “Environmental Attitudes and Behavior of Primary and Secondary Students in Asian Cities: An Overview Strategy for Implementing an Eco-Schools Programme”, The Environmentalist, 21(4), 265–272.
Cohen, J. (1977). “Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences: (Rev. Ed)”, New York: Academic Press.
Cudworth, E. (2003). “Environment and Society”, Tylor & Fransis.
Dastras, F., & Khajenoori, B. (2019). “Investigating the Relationship between Sociological Factors and Environmental Behavior of Citizens of Shiraz”, Journal of Applied Sociology, 30(4), 35-58. doi: 10.22108/jas.2019.114197.1567. (Persian).
Dobson, A. (2003). “Citizenship and the environment”, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Dunlap, R. E., & Jones, R. E. (2002). “Environmental Concern: Conceptual and Measurement Issues’ In Dunlap, R. E. and W. Michelson (eds.) Handbook of Environmental Sociology”, 482-524. Westport, London: Greenwood Press.
Englis, B. G., & Philips, D. M. (2013). “Does innovativeness drive environmentally conscious consumer behavior?”, Psychology & Marketing, 30(2), 160-172.
Ghasemi, M. (2009). “Risk Society and Its Implications to Strategic Studies”, Strategic Studies Quarterly, 12(45), 27-47. (Persian).
Ghazi Tabatabaie, M., & Vedadhir, A. (2010). “Meta- analysis in social & behavioral researches”, Tehran, Jameeshanasan Publication. (Persian).
Ghorbanizadeh, V. (2014). “Meta-analysis research method with CMA. 2 software”, Tehran, Baztab Publication. (Persian).
Giddens. A. (2010). “Sociology”, Translated by Hassan Chavoshian, Tehran, Ney Publication. (Persian).
Glass, G. V. (1976). “Primar, Secondary and Meta-Analysis of Research”, Educational Researcher. No 5. 3-8.
Hajiloo, F. (2013). “Sociological explanation of ecological footprints and factors affecting it (case of Tabriz)”, Doctoral Thesis of Isfahan University, faculty of Literature and Humanities. (Persian).
Hannigan, J. (2013). “Environmental Sociology”, Translated by Mussa Anbari, Anvar Mohammadi and Milad Rostami, 1st ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Hemayatkhah Jahromi, M., Ershad, F., Danesh, P. & Ghorbani, M. (2017). “Sociological Study of Relationship between Knowledge, Attitudes and Environmental Behaviors: (Case of Study of Tehran University students)”, Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 8(1), 5-25. (Persian).
Hini, D., Philip G., & Zane, K. (1995). “The Link between Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour”, Marketing Bulletin, N. 6, 22-31.
Irwin, A. (2014). “Sociology and the environment: a critical introduction to society, nature, and knowledge”, Translated by Sadegh Salehi, Babolsar, University of Mazandaran Publication. (Persian).
Mahmoodi, B., Feghhi, J., Danekar, A. & Gorbani, M. (2012). “Human ecology and land development planning”, Sabzineh, 7(75), 30-33. (Persian).
Menati Zadeh, M., Zamani, G., & Karami, E. (2014). “Modeling farmers’ environmental behavior in Shiraz County by using Value-Belief-Norm theory”, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 45(4), 613-624. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2014.53836. (Persian).
Mirmohammad Tabar, S., Majdi, A., & Sohrabi, M. (2017). “Meta-analysis of Factors Affecting Organizational Ethic”, Strategy for Culture, 10(37), 187-211. (Persian).
Navah, A., Foroutankia, S., & Pourtarkarouni, M. (2012). “The Relationship between Religiosity and Environmental Values and Behaviors (Case Study: The Residents of Ahvaz)”, Sociological Urban Studies, 1(1), 77-98. (Persian).
Pigott, T. D. (2012). Advances in Meta-Analysis, New York: Springer.
Rothenberg, D. (2012). “Deep Ecology”, Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition), 744–738.
Salehi, S. (2010). “New Environmental Paradigm and Energy Consumption”, Cultural Studies & Communication, 6(20), 197-216. (Persian).
Salehi, S. (2010). “Pepole and the Environment: A Study of Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour in Iran”, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.
Salehi, S. & Imamgoli, L. (2012). “Experimental Examination of Relationship between Knowledge and environmental behavior (A study of urban and rural areas of Sanadaj City)”, Social Problems of Iran (journal of Kharazmi University), 3(1): 121-147. (Persian).
Stern, P. C. (2000). “Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior”, Journal of Social Issues. 56(3), 407–424. 
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A. & Kalof, L. (1999). “A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism”, Human Ecology Review, 6(2), 81-97. 
Sutton Philip W. (2013). “The Environment: A Sociological Introduction”, Translated by Sadeg Salehi. 1st ed. Tehran: SAMT pub. (Persian).
Yildiz, N., Yilmaz, H., Demir, M., & Toy, S. (2011). “Effects of personal characteristics on environmental awareness, a questionnaire survey with university campus people in a developing country Turkey”, Scientific Research and Essays, 6(2), 332-340.
Zare, B., Niazi A, Habibpour, K., & Karami, N. (2020). “Meta-analysis of influential factors on environmental behaviors among citizens”, Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 11(1), 281-297. (Persian).