تجربه پایداری ـ ناپایداری در یک شهر نفتی (مطالعه تجربه شهری آبادان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دوره دکتری جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه توسعه پایدار شهری با تأکید بر پایداری و استمرار توسعه برای همگان ـ به‌ویژه در شهرهای استخراجی و شرکتی که به واسطه استخراج منابع طبیعی، رشد گسترده‌ای داشته‌اند ـ مورد توجه سیاست‌گذاران شهری در کشورهای مختلف قرار گرفته است. شهر آبادان هر چند به‌عنوان یک شهر منبع‌محور یا استخراجی شناخته نمی‌شود، اما عاملیت صنعت نفت و استقرار پالایشگاه نفت، در توسعه این شهر نقشی اصلی و اساسی داشته است. بنابراین عمدتاً همان مسائلی که شهرهای استخراجی و منبع‌محور رُخ می‌دهد، این شهر را هم متأثر کرده است. مطالعات گوناگون پیرامون این شهرها نشان می‌دهد که توسعه در همه ابعاد در این شهرها رُخ نداده و ناپایداری‌هایی در این زمینه مشاهده می‌شود. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی پایداری شهری آبادان متأثر از فعالیت‌های صنعت نفت است. در این پژوهش برای بررسی وضعیت توزان و پایداری در شهر آبادان، از روش چندگانه و تکنیک‌های مشاهده‌ی میدانی، مردم‌نگاری شهری، منابع اسنادی و مصاحبه‌های عمیق و تاریخ شفاهی استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که آبادان، علیرغم اینکه به واسطه تأسیس شرکت نفت رشد و توسعه را تجربه کرده است، اما ناپایداری‌هایی در زمینه اقتصادی، زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی به واسطه حضور تأسیسات نفتی از سر گذرانده است، که این امر به‌خصوص بعد از انقلاب و جنگ تحمیلی به دلیل مدیریت نامتوازن و تخریب زیرساخت‌ها تشدید شده است؛ به‌طوری که امروز تنها شاهد نوستالژی و خاطره آبادان قدیم در نگرش عمومی مردم آبادان هستیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Experience Stability - Instability in an Oil City (Study of Abadan Urban Experience)

نویسندگان [English]

  • iman mombeni 1
  • Abdolhossein Kalantari 2
1 Graduated from the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Tehran, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Today, sustainable urban development with emphasis on sustainability and continuity of public development-especially in extractive cities that have grown exponentially through natural resource extraction-has been considered by policy makers and in different countries. The city of Abadan is not known as a resource-oriented or extractive city, but the agency of the oil industry and the establishment of an oil refinery have played a major role in the development of this city. Therefore, the same issues that occur in extractive and resource-oriented cities have affected this city as well. Various studies on these cities show that development in all dimensions has not occurred in these cities and there are instabilities in this area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban sustainability of Abadan under the influence of oil industry activities. In this study, the method of triangulation with field observation techniques, urban ethnography, documentary sources and in-depth interviews and oral history has been used. The results show that Abadan, despite experiencing growth and development due to the establishment of the oil company, has experienced economic, environmental and social instabilities due to the presence of oil facilities. This has intensified especially after the revolution and the imposed war due to unbalanced management and the destruction of infrastructure; So that today we only see nostalgia and memory of old Abadan in the public attitude of the people of Abadan.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil City
  • Urban Instability
  • Local Community
  • Corporative Community
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