A Sociological Study of Promoting Happiness Interactions in Mashhad (A Mixed Study)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

PhD in sociology (study of social issues in Iran), Graduate Studies Center of Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose was to describe the ways of using promoting happiness interactions and its types. This research has used purposeful-typical, simple random sampling appropriate to the volume of each urban area and spatial and regional sampling in step, qualitative (collective case study), quantitative step (descriptive survey) and point interpolation method (spatial analysis). The findings were based on thematic analysis, statistical description, and spatial analysis and clustering; Semi-in-depth interview, researcher-made questionnaire and drawing of urban maps were used. The field of research was 13 urban areas of Mashhad in 2019. The unit of observation of individuals has been in the household procedure and at the level of spatial analysis of urban blocks. The alpha of the research is equal to (0.80). Based on qualitative findings, promoting happiness interactions are defined at both ends of to make happy (hot and cold type) and recipient of happiness. The most important categories of qualitative practice based on the typology achieved are the representation of behavioral and expressive situations, the deconstruction of expressive and behavioral positions, social influence, altruism, other-seeking, empathetic introspection, Quantitative results and spatial analysis show that the hot type focused on excitement was much lower than average and the cold type focused on good sense was above average. Finally, promoting happiness according to the clustering test between regions (1, 2, 4, 5) is below average and the citizens of regions (3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and Samen) the upper average is obtained.

Keywords


Anbari, M. (2018), Happy Thanksgiving (Explaining Social Happy in Iran), First Edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Anbari, M. (2013). “Happy Thanksgiving An effective model of happy living in Iran”, Journal of Anthropology, 11, (18), 101-129. (Persian).
Argyle, M. (2004). Psychology of Happiness, Translators, Fatemeh Gohari, Masoud Taher Neshatdoost, Hamid Palahang, Hassan Bahrami under the supervision of Mehrdad Kalantari, First Edition, Isfahan: Isfahan University Jihad Publications. (Persian).
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Lu, L. (1995). “Testing for Stress and Happiness: The Role of Social and Cognitive Factors”, In C. D. Spilberger, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and Emotion, pp: 173-187.
Akbari, H. (2015). Identification of urban injuries and abnormalities by urban neighborhoods, employer: Deputy of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality, autumn and winter, Publications of Mashhad Municipality Cultural and Social Studies Office. (Persian).
Azad Armaki, T. (2014). Schools and theories of sociology, first edition, Tehran: Science. Publishing. (Persian).
Babaei, GH. (2010). Study of the level of vitality and vitality of citizens in the city of Mashhad and provide solutions to strengthen it, the final report of the research project of the Islamic Council of Mashhad. Experimental supervisor of Mashhad Municipality Cultural and Recreational Organization. (Persian).
Chalabi, M., Mousavi, S. M. (2014). Sociological study of factors affecting happiness at micro and macro levels”, in theoretical and comparative analysis in sociology, first edition, Tehran: Nashr-e Ney. (Persian).
Clark, V. L. P., Creswell, J. W., Green, D. O. N., & Shope, R. J. (2008). “Mixing quantitative and qualitative approaches”, Handbook of emergent methods, 363-385.
Coleman, J. (1997). Foundations of Social Theory, translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, first edition, Tehran: Nashrni. (Persian).
Collins, R. (1990). “Stratification, Emotional Energy, and the Transient Emotions”, Pp: 27-57 in Research Agenda in the Sociology of Emotions, (Ed). Theodore Kemper. Albany, N. Y. Sunny Press.
Collins, R. (1975). Conflict Sociology: towards an explanatory science. New York: Academic Press.
Coser, L. (1994). Life and Thought of Sociological Elders, translated by Mohsen salasi, third edition, Tehran: Scientific Publications. (Persian).
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Second Edition, and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Diener, E.D. & Seligman, M.E. (2002). “Very happy people”, Journal of Psychological science, 13(1): 81-84.
Deutsch, M., Krauss, R. (1996). Theories in Social Psychology, Translated by Morteza Katabi, First Edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Dalaney, T. (2010). Classical Social Theory: investigation and application, translated by Behrang Sedighi- Vahid Tolouei, third edition, Tehran: Nashr-e Ney. (Persian).
Ebrahimi, M. (2009). “Introduction and review of the book: Space and Social Theory”, Iranian Journal of Sociology, 10, (3), 161-168. (Persian).
Ebrahimi Louyeh, A., Mirzaei Rajeooni, S. (2017). Qualitative research in social sciences, first edition, Tehran: Louyeh Publications. (Persian).
Franzoi, S. (2006). “Social Psychology”, translated by Mehrdad Firoozbakht and Mansour Qanadan, second edition, Tehran: Rasa Publications. (Persian).
Forgas, J. P. (1994). Psychology of social interaction (Interpersonal behavior), translated by Khashayar Beigi and Mehrdad Firoozbakht, first edition, Tehran: Abjad Publications. (Persian).
Ghaffari, Gh. Habibpour Gotabi, K. (2014). Social policy, Conceptual and theoretical foundations, first edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Persian).
Giddens, A., Sutton, Ph. (2016). Sociology, Translation by Houshang Naebi, Volume I, Seventh Edition, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (Persian).
Goffman, I., (2012). Manifestation in everyday life, translated by Masoud Kianpour, first edition, Tehran: Markaz Publishing. (Persian).
Hafeznia, M. R., (2014). Research Method in Humanities, 13th Edition, Publication: Tehran. (Persian).
Happiness report in Iran (happiness rate of provinces) (2017). March 29, available at http://www.irna.ir/en/PhotoNews/3580203. (Persian).
Hayati, S. (2012). Analysis of Urban Intelligence Growth Indicators in Mashhad, Master Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Persian).
Hezar Jaribi, J., Safari Shali, R. (2012). Anatomy of Social Welfare, First Edition, Tehran: Farhang & Jame'e Publications. (Persian).
Kalantari, Kh. (2008). Data processing and analysis in socio-economic research using Spss software, 3 Edition, Farhang Saba Publishing: Tehran. (Persian).
Karimi, J. (2002). Social Psychology, 10th Edition, Tehran, Arasbaran Publications. (Persian).
Kadivar, P. (2006). Psychology of Education, 9th Edition, Tehran: Samat Publishing. (Persian).
Kerlinger, F N. (1998). Fundamentals of Behavioral Research, translated by Hassan Pasha Sharifi and Jafar Najafi Zand, first edition, Tehran: Avae Noor Publications., translated by Hassan Pasha Sharifi and Jafar Najafi Zand, first edition, Tehran: Avae Noor Publications. (Persian).
Kianpour, M.; Aqababaei, E. (2017). Sociology of Emotions, First Edition, fall, Isfahan: Isfahan University Press. (Persian).
Kivisto, P. (2008). Classical Contemporary Theory, Sage Publication, United Kingdom.
Manning, Ph. (2001). Irving Goffman and Modern Sociology, translated by Sorakamyar, first edition, Tehran: Sarollah Publications. (Persian).
Mashhad Municipality. (2018). Mashhad Statistics Yearbook 96, Mashhad Municipality Deputy of Planning and Human Capital Development under the supervision of Statistics Management and Information Analysis. (Persian).
Maxwell, J. A., Loomis, D. M. (2003). “Mixed Methods Design: An Alternative Approach. In A. Tashakkori, and C. Teddlie (Eds.)”, Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (pp: 241–272). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mohammadi ASL, A. (2009). Sociological Theories, First Edition, Tehran: Sociologists Publications. (Persian).
Mohammadpour, A. (2013). Qualitative research method (anti-method 1 and 2), second edition, Tehran: Sociologists Publications. (Persian).
Moradi, S. (2016). “Happiness policy in Iran, the current situation and policy recommendations”, In the abstract of articles of the National Conference on Social Policy in Iran, Allameh Tabatabaei University, March. (Persian).
Newman, K. M. (2018). “Is Social Connection the Best Path to Happiness?” At Retrieved from http:// greatergood.berkeley.edu.
Rabbani Khorasgani, R; Kianpour, M. (2009). “Sociology of Emotions”, Applied Sociology, 20(34):35-64. (Persian).
Ritzer, G. (2014). Sociological Theory, translated by Houshang Naebi, first edition, Tehran: Ney Publishing. (Persian).
Ritzer, G. (2010). Foundations of Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots, translated by Shahnaz Mosmaparast, first edition, Tehran: Third Edition. (Persian).
Sam Aram, E. A. (2013). Social Work Theories, Second Edition, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaei University Press. (Persian).
Sarukhani, B. (1998). Research Methods in Social Sciences, Volume2, First Edition, Publications of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies: Tehran. (Persian).
Seligman, M. (2016). Authentic Happiness: using the new positive Psychology to realize ypur potential for lasting fulfillment translated by Mostafa Tabrizi, Ramin Karimio, Ali Niloufari, fifth edition, Tehran: Danjeh Publications. (Persian).
Seligman, M. (2015). Flouris A visionary New Understanding of Happiness and well-being, translated by Amir Kamkar and Sakineh Hejbarian, second edition, Tehran: Ravan Publishing. (Persian).
Shojaei Zand, A. (2011). “Modernity and the power of choice”, Scientific-Research Quarterly of Islamic Philosophy and Theology Mirror of Knowledge, Shahid Beheshti University, 9, (27), 75-115. (Persian).
Thomas, J. Harden, A. (2008). “Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews”, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 45-55.
Turner, J. H. (2003). The Structure of Sociological Theory, United State, Wadsworth.
Taylor, Shelley E. (2018). Health psychology, Tenth edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Weber, M. (2014). Economy and Society, translated by Abbas Manouchehri, Mehrdad Torabinejad and Mostafa Emadzadeh, third edition, Tehran: Samat Publications. (Persian).
Veenhoven. R. (1984). Conditions of Happiness. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Zokaei, M.S. (2016). “Social happiness: obstacles, opportunities and policies”, In: Collection of articles on the country's social status report (Volume 3), Ministry of Interior, Social Council. Publications of the Institute of Culture and Arts in collaboration with the Institute of Cultural Studies and social; Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. (Persian).