بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فردگرایی در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های کاشان و علوم پزشکی کاشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد مطالعات فرهنگی دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

چکیده

فردگرایی به‌عنوان یکی از مسائل اجتماعی و فرهنگی در خور توجه جامعه‌ی مدرن است. با توجه به اینکه دانشجویان به‌عنوان قشر جوان و تحصیل‌کرده‌ی جامعه‌ی ایران به‌شمار می‌روند، آنان می‌توانند بهترین جامعه‌ی آماری برای سنجش پیامدهای مدرنیته باشند. از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر با روش کمی و با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه‌ی استاندارد میزان فردگرایی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه کاشان و دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان مورد سنجش قرار داده است. متغیرهای مستقل در راستای سنجش فردگرایی عبارتند از سرمایه‌ی فرهنگی، سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی، نقش گروه مرجع، سنت‌گرایی، دینداری، روابط اجتماعی، خودخواهی و عملکرد رسانه‌های ارتباط‌جمعی، که غالباً در چهارچوب نظریه‌های دورکیم، بوردیو، لرنر، کلمن و دیگر نظریه‌پردازان موضوع فردگرایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این متغیرها به‌صورت پرسش‌نامه از بین 320 دانشجو سنجیده شده و پس از جمع‌آوری و تحلیل اطلاعات مشخص شد خودمداری، دینداری، مشارکت اجتماعی و روابط اجتماعی بر میزان فردگرایی تأثیر مستقیم و اعتماد اجتماعی و سنت‌گرایی بر آن تأثیر غیر مستقیم می‌گذارند. همچنین دینداری، مشارکت اجتماعی و روابط اجتماعی تأثیر معکوس و خودمداری تأثیر مستقیم بر فردگرایی داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Factors Affecting Individualism among Students of University of Kashan and Kashan University of Medical Sciences

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asadollah Babaiefard 1
  • Morteza Barani 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2 M. A. in Cultural Studies, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Individualism is considered as one of the main social and cultural issues in Iran which should be analyzed accurately. As Iranian university students are the main bulk of young highly educated people, they can be considered the best group to be analyzed on the consequences of modernism in Iran. Therefore, the present paper by applying a Quantitive research method, through standard questionnaire analyzed Individualism among university students in University of Kashan and Medical University of Kashan. Cultural and social capital, reference group, traditionalism, religious tendencies, social relations, egotism and media are the independent variables of the present paper which are discussed by Durkheim, Bourdieu, Lerner, Coleman and other social scientists. The questionnaire was given to 320 students of both universities, and the results were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. The findings show egotism, religious tendencies, social relations and social cooperation had direct influence while social trust, traditionalism had indirect influence on Individualism.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Individualism
  • Cultural Capital
  • Social Capital
  • Religious Tendencies
  • Traditionalism
  • Egotism
Aazam Azadeh, M. and Tavakkoli, A. (2007). “Individualism, Collectivism, and Religiousity”, Iranian Association of Cultural Studies and Communication Quarterly, No. 9, Tehran. (Persian).
Afroogh, E. (2005). Islam and Globalization, Kanoone Andishehye Javan Publications, Tehran. (Persian).
Asaadi, S. M. (2006). “The Relationship between Individualism and Collectivism with Independent and communicational way of knowing in Iranian and American Students”, Cognitive Science News, Vol. 8, No. 1. (Persian).
Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2002). Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences, Sage Publications, London.
Behravan, H. and Alizadeh, A. (2008). “Investigation of Individualism and the factors affecting it among Students of Mashhad Ferdowsi University”, Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Fourth Year, Fall and Winter, Mashhad, No. 2, Fall and Winter. (Persian).
Boudon, R. and F. Bourricaud (2006). A Critical Dictionary of Sociology, Translated by Abdolhossein Nikgohar, Contemporary Culture Publications, Tehran. (Persian).
Chalabi, M. (1996). Sociology of Order (Anatomy and Analysis of Social Order), Ney Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Coleman, J. (2007). Foundations of Social Theory, Translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Ney Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Coser, L. A. (2009). Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context, Translated by: Mohsen Salasi, Elmi Publications, Tehran. (Persian).
De Beer, P. and Koster, F. (2009). Sticking Together or Falling Apart?, Amsterdam University Press.
Fakouhi, N. (2007). History of Anthropological Thoughts and Theories, Ney Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Ghaneeirad, M. A. (2006). “The Role of Students-Teachers Interaction in the Development of Academic Social Capital”, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Volume 7, No. 1, Tehran. (Persian).
Ghazi Moradi, H. (1999). On the Iranians Autonomy, Armaghan Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Ghazi Tabatabaei, M. and S. H. Maraji (2001). “Investigating Factors Affecting Academic Self-efficacy of Postgraduate and PhD Students of Tehran University”, Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, No. 19. (Persian).
Giddens, A. (2009). Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Translated by Nasser Movaffaghian, Ney Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Green, Eva G. T; Deschamps, Jean-Claude and D. Páez (2005). “Variation of Individualism and Collectivism Within and Between 20 Countries”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36.
Haeriizadeh, S. A., Asgharpour M., A. R., Noghani, M. and Miranouri, S. A. (2010). “The Impact of Teacher-Student Social Relations on Students' Academic Success”, Journal of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, No. 1, Spring and Summer. (Persian).
Jalaiepour, Hamid Reza and Mohammadi, Jamal (2008). Recent Theories of Sociology, Ney Publishing, Tehran (Persian).
Jamshidiha, Gh. and Parastesh, Sh. (2006). “The Dialectic of Habitus and Field in Pierre Bourdieu's Theory”, Quarterly of Social Sciences, No. 30, Tehran. (Persian).
Javadi Yeganeh, M. R. and Hashemi, S. Z. (2005). “The Conflict between Personal Interest and Social Interest (Social Dilemma) and the factors affecting it”, Quarterly of Social Sciences, No. 26, Tehran. (Persian).
Javadi Yeganeh, M. R. and Hashemi, S. Z. (2008). “A New Look at the Conflict of Individualism and Collectivism in Sociology”, Quarterly of Social Sciences, No. 33, Tehran. (Persian).
Kerlinger, F. N. (1987). Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research, Translated by Hassan Saraei, Tehran, University Publication Center.
Kivisto, P. (1999). Key Ideas in Sociology, Translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Ney Publishing, Tehran. (Persian).
Moorman, R. H. and Blakely Gerald L. (1955). “Individualism-Collectivism as an Individual Difference Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol 16.
Muller, J. H. (1999). Statistical Reasoning in Sociology, Translated by Houshang Nayebi, Tehran, Ney Publishing. (Persian).
Nateghpour, M. J. and Firouzabadi, S. A. (2005). “Social Capital and Factors Affecting Its Formation in Tehran”, Iranian Journal of Sociology, Volume 6, No. 4, Tehran. (Persian).
Noghani, M. (2007). “The Impact of Cultural Capital Inequality on Preschool Students' Academic Success in Achieving Higher Education”, Journal of Education, No. 91, Tehran. (Persian).
Rahmatpour, R. (1991). “Individualism”, Journal of Culture, No. 9. (Persian).
Rajabzadeh, A. and Kosari, M. (2002). “Political Anomie in Durkheim's Thought”, Journal of Social and Human Sciences, Shiraz University, No. 37, Shiraz. (Persian).
Saroukhani, B. (2007). Research Methods in Social Sciences, Volume II, Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute, Tehran. (Persian).
Schimmack, U., Sh., Oishi and Ed Diener (2005). “Individualism: A Valid and Important Dimension of Cultural Differences between Nations”, Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol 9.
Sharee Pour, M. (2009). “Investigating Factors Affecting Social Trust in Police Forces (Case Study of Mazandaran Province)”, Journal of Applied Sociology, Vol. 20, No. 36, Tehran. (Persian).
Tabatabaei, S. J. (2001). An Introduction to the Theory of Iranian Degradation, Volume I, Negah Institute Publication, Tehran. (Persian).
Vosoughi, M. and Mirzaei, H. (2008). “Individualism: Reflection on Dimensions and Indicators”, Journal of Social Sciences, No. 34, Tehran. (Persian).